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An Endoscopy is a nonsurgical or minimally invasive procedure to observe inside a person’s body using an instrument called an endoscope. An endoscope is a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it. It allows your doctor to view pictures of the insides of your body on a television screen. Endoscopes can be inserted through a natural opening, such as the mouth down the throat or through the bottom. It can also be inserted through small incisions during keyhole surgery. There are three main reasons an endoscopy is carried out: investigation, confirmation of a diagnosis, and treatment.
This procedure can be used to investigate unusual symptoms and help perform certain types of surgery. It can also be used to remove a small tissue sample for further analysis, which is known as a biopsy. Additionally, the procedure can also be used to treat a digestive problem. For instance, it might not only detect active bleeding from an ulcer, but it can also have devices attached to it to stop the bleeding. Your doctor may suggest you undergo endoscopy if you experience persistent abdominal pain, persistent nausea and vomiting, vomiting blood, persistent diarrhea, blood in your stools, gallstones, blockage of the esophagus, unusual vaginal bleeding, chest pains that are not caused by heart conditions, and difficulty swallowing. Endoscopy is quick, relatively safe, and delivers a detailed image. Therefore, tens of millions of endoscopies are performed every year.
Before endoscopy, your doctor will do a physical examination and review your medical history. It is important to mention if you have any allergies and all current medications you are taking. You may need to stop taking certain medications, including anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs. Your doctor will ask you to fast for around 12 hours. For some types of endoscopy, procedures to investigate the gut, you may need to take laxatives or enemas the night before to clear your system. The procedure is not painful, and some people only experience mild discomfort. Typically, the procedure is performed when the patient is unconscious. However, you may be given a local anesthetic to numb a certain area of your body. The anesthetic can be in the form of a spray or tablet to numb your throat. You also have the option to take a sedative to help you relax.
During the surgery, the endoscope will be inserted into your body. The exact place it is inserted depends on which part of your body is being examined. There are various types of endoscopy, and each type is designed to look at a certain part of your body. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), there are eight common types of endoscopy, including:
Depending on what it is being used for, the procedure usually takes between 15 to 60 minutes to complete. There is also a new type of endoscopy known as the wireless capsule endoscopy. Capsule endoscopy involves swallowing a capsule with a tiny camera inside. It will transmit images of the inside of your digestive tract and will not give you any discomfort and the pill will leave your body naturally when you go to the toilet.
An endoscopy is usually carried out as an outpatient procedure, which means you do not have to stay in the hospital overnight. You usually need to rest in the hospital for around an hour until the effects of the local anesthetic and sedative have worn off. However, you may need to stay in Brazil for around 3 to 7 days or until your doctor says it is okay for you to go home and do long-distance travel. The result usually will take several days, and you will need to discuss the results with your doctor.
The recovery period depends on the type of procedure you underwent. You may feel slightly uncomfortable, and you should allow 1-2 days of rest before you feel well enough to get back to your normal routine. For upper endoscopy, you may experience a sore throat. After a cystoscopy, you may have blood in your urine for 24 hours. If it lasts longer than 24 hours, you will need to contact your doctor immediately. You may also feel some soreness, bloating, and gas, as well as cramping, which usually resolves quickly.
After endoscopy, you need to take it easy at least for a couple of days. When you get to your hotel, it is advisable to relax and take a nap. You may eat if you do not feel sick. It is recommended to eat something light and avoid fried foods, fatty food, and a large quantity of food. The aftercare will vary depending on the type of endoscopy you underwent. Your doctor will usually suggest you eat soft food and consume warm liquids or throat medicines after upper endoscopy. You may need to rest and avoid strenuous activities for several days. You should avoid blood-thinning medications, such as aspirin and arthritis medication. Your doctor will tell you the number of days you need to avoid those medicines. If necessary, your doctor may prescribe pain medications, including Tylenol. If you have any swelling at the IV site, you can relieve the swelling with warm soaks. However, if the swelling persists, notify your doctor.
Endoscopy has a high success rate as it is almost always successful and helps doctors investigate, confirm a diagnosis, and treat many patients. It is known to be a very safe procedure. However, you should be aware that it also comes with possible risks and complications. Rare complications that may happen include infection, bleeding, tearing of the gastrointestinal tract, and reaction to sedation. You need to call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms:
There are several alternatives to an endoscopy. For diagnostic procedures, you can opt for X-rays. For treatment procedures, your doctor may suggest you have open surgery. Open surgery will use a larger incision and increase your risk of complications and it also will need a longer hospital stay and a longer recovery period.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Occupying the title of the largest country in South America, Brazil embraces a diverse population of over 209 million people. The nation is globally renowned for its passion for football (also referred to as soccer in some parts of the world) and their dynamic, flamboyant carnival traditions, boasting a vibrant mix of music, dance, and colorful attire.
In addition to its vivacious culture, Brazil is a sanctuary of spectacular natural beauty. The country nurtures some of the world's most stunning natural wonders, including the dramatic Iguacu Falls and the world's largest tropical rainforest, the Amazon Rainforest, teeming with diverse plant and animal species. One can't miss the landmark figurine of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro that towers 98-feet high, becoming a symbol of Brazil's deep-rooted religious faith and an iconic sight that captures hearts worldwide.
Brazil offers more than 60 JCI-accredited facilities and is one of the leading destinations in the world for cosmetic surgery, with Endoscopy procedures being especially popular. Doctors are often Western-trained and speak English on top of Portuguese and Spanish. Local accreditations include the Consortium of Brazilian Accreditation and the Brazilian Hospital Medical Quality Organization (ONA). Popular locations within Brazil include the capital Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Curitiba.
As a large country, the weather in Brazil varies from tropical in the north to temperate in the south. A large part of the country lies in the topics. Brazil is a year-round destination because it has a steady average annual temperature. The temperature rarely drops below 20 °C.
Winter in Brazil starts in May and ends in September. The weather remains tropical in the north with an average temperature ranging between 20 °C to 30 °C. In Rio de Janeiro, the temperature varies between 14 °C to 25 °C. However, the evenings usually feel a lot colder.
During this particular season, one can expect a fair amount of rainfall in Rio, leading to many wet and rain-soaked days. If you plan a visit at this time, it's wise to keep that in mind and prepare accordingly. In contrast, further inland, São Paulo experiences significantly cooler temperatures compared to Rio, reflecting the country's vast geographical expanse and diverse microclimates spread across its regions.
This temperature drop might require some warm clothing, especially during late evenings and nights. So, whether you wish to enjoy the rainy murmur in Rio or seek the cool retreat of São Paulo, there's something unique for every traveler in Brazil during this season.
The temperature in Rio rise between November and March, with the highest temperature of around 40 °C but with a thermal sensation of around 50 °C. The Rain rarely lasts long during these months. In the north of Brazil, the rainy season starts in December. March and May see the heaviest rainfall. It’s hot and humid with frequent rain throughout the year in the Amazon.
The most popular international airports are Rio de Janeiro–Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport (popularly known as Galeão International Airport) and São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governador André Franco Montoro International Airport. Both airports serve domestic and international flights to many cities around the globe. The airports mainly serve major airlines but there are budget airlines such as Norwegian Air UK. Tourists can take taxis, bus, train, or car rental from both airports to the city centers.
Brazil is really big, so there will be a lot of long-distance travel to get around the country. The easiest and fastest way to get from one city to another is by domestic flights. The only downside is that the tickets are very expensive. LATAM and GOL Airlines offer multi-trip tickets or air pass. The most economical option is to buy an air pass if you plan to visit a number of different cities.
Buses are popular in Brazil, servicing most areas of the country. The bus system is excellent and provides a comfortable and economical way of travel. Be aware that the distance can be really tiring and overwhelming; some trips can take over 40 hours. The buses are operated by hundreds of different private companies, but the price is standardized. The fare varies from 75 BRL to 240 BRL. There are luxurious buses too.
A good way to get around major cities like São Paulo and Rio is to use Brazil Metro (subway). The fares are around 3.50 BRL to 3.80 BRL. You can purchase rechargeable travel cards. The metro does not operate at night. Be sure to watch your belongings at all times when traveling on the metro.
Taxis run on a metered system, but if you travel a bit further out of town, you need to negotiate the price with the driver. It is best to phone for a taxi or pick one up at a taxi station and make sure to get into a licensed taxi. Ferries and other water travel are important in many parts of Brazil.
Nationals of 72 countries and territories can enter and stay in Brazil for up to 90 days without a visa. In some cases, an identity document may be accepted instead of a passport. Citizens of other countries, including China and India, must apply for and obtain a visa before entering Brazil. It is recommended to contact the nearest Brazilian embassy or consulate for the most up-to-date visa information.
Brazil offers an electronic visa (e-Visa) for citizens of eligible countries. The e-Visa is valid for two years and allows multiple entries for stays of up to 90 days per year. Applicants can apply for the e-Visa online through the Brazilian government's website.