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Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a procedure that uses a special form of X-ray to look at the fallopian tubes and uterus. It is a noninvasive medical test that is often used to find out why you are having difficulty conceiving. The doctor will check if the fallopian tubes are fully or partially blocked and if the inside of the uterus is normal.
Doctors also recommend HSG to examine repeated miscarriages that may be caused by congenital or acquired uterine problems, such as adhesions, endometrial (uterine) polyps, uterine fibroids, congenital problems (uterine anomalies), tumors. In addition, HSG can check the effects of tubal surgery, including:
Blockage of the fallopian tubes caused by scarring or infection
Reopening of the fallopian tubes after sterilization or a blockage caused by a disease
Closing of the fallopian tubes after sterilization procedures.
During HSG, you will have to lie on your back with your knees bent on a table under an X-ray imager called a fluoroscope. Then, a device called a speculum will be inserted into your vagina. This device holds the walls of the vagina apart, keeping it open and allowing your doctor to view the cervix. The cervix is then cleaned. In most cases, no sedation is used during the procedure, but your doctor may inject local anesthesia to the end of the cervix to numb the area. You may feel a slight pinch as this is done.
Next, a contrast medium will be placed in the uterus and fallopian tubes. A contrast medium is a fluid containing a dye that can show up the structures of your body on an X-ray screen. The dye can outline the inner size and shape of your uterus and fallopian tubes. Your doctor can also see how the dye moves through your body structures.
To place the contrast, the cervix is grasped with a special device to hold it steady. Then, an instrument called a cannula is inserted into the cervix. Through the cannula, your doctor gently fills your uterus with the contrast. After that, your doctor will remove the speculum, and as the contrast medium fills your uterus and tubes, images are made with the fluoroscope X-ray. You may be asked to move around so that your doctor can get side views. It is normal to feel cramping during this part.
Finally, once the images are taken, your doctor will remove the cannula.
HSG is an outpatient procedure, so you should be able to leave the hospital on the same day. In most cases, you can get the test results on the same day and discuss the results with your doctor right away, so you do not have to stay in Nepal any longer than you wish to. However, if the results are not immediately ready, plan to stay in the country for several days. Your doctor should give you the details.
You can resume your normal activities, including work, immediately after HSG. However, you should refrain from sexual intercourse for 2 to 3 days.
It is also important to note that you might have some vaginal spotting, cramps, stomach discomfort, and dizziness for a few days following the procedure. You can use pads for the vaginal discharge, but make sure to avoid using a tampon. Your doctor may give you antibiotics to prevent an infection and pain medicine to help you with any cramps and discomfort. If your doctor does not prescribe you pain medicine, you can take over-the-counter pain relievers.
HSG is a very safe procedure with high success rates. However, there are some complications that the procedure carries and they only occur with 1% of patients. These complications include infection, radiation exposure, fainting, allergic reaction to the contrast material, and spotting. Injury to your uterus or pelvic injury is possible as well.
The procedure is generally considered as effective and accurate most of the time. However, a small study revealed a 35% incident of false negatives. This means that the results showed a normal uterine shape, but other tests showed abnormalities. Also, 15% of women who undergo this procedure have a false-positive, meaning the results showed abnormalities when it is actually normal.
The following procedures can give your doctor similar information as HSG:
Hysteroscopy can provide a detailed view of the inside of your uterus, but it cannot give information about your fallopian tubes.
Laparoscopy can show if the fallopian tubes are open.
Sonohysterography can show the insides of your uterus. However, as with hysteroscopy, it cannot show whether your fallopian tubes are blocked.
Before HSG, you may have trouble conceiving or had two or more miscarriages, or you just underwent some tubal sterilization procedures. After the procedure, your doctor should be able to find any abnormalities that are causing the problem. The results will be able to help you and your doctor creates a treatment plan. If you have HSG because you have some tubal sterilization procedures before, the results will be able to tell if your fallopian tubes have been completely blocked.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Nepal is a country in South Asia, sandwiched between India and China. Home to the mighty Mount Everest, this incredible country has diverse landscapes, from the Himalayan Mountains in the north to the sprawling plains in the south. Towering mountains, charming hill villages, golden mountains, and jungle wildlife, Nepal is truly one of the world’s best travel destinations. Beyond its nature and culture, this country is also increasingly popular for its healthcare. With its affordable high-quality medical facilities, Nepal is considered to have immense potential for medical tourism, due to the availability of good infrastructure, highly trained specialists, modern medical equipment, and relatively cheaper medical treatment. In fact, it’s currently the fastest-growing segment of the country’s tourism. Medical tourists coming to Nepal are usually seeking exceptionally high medical treatment at competitive rates. Some of the most sought after procedures are dental treatments, cardiac services, and neurological treatments.
Kathmandu, the capital and largest city in Nepal, is historic, enticing, spiritual, and vibrant. One of the most famous attractions in the city is the old town, where tourists can find the most popular Tibetan pilgrimage site, the Kathesimbhu Stupa. Another top attraction is Kumari Bahal, which is the home of the Kumari, the girl who is selected to be the town’s living symbol of Devi. Tourists looking to relax in a more laid-back vibe usually go to Pokhara. Stretching along the shore of an idyllic lake, it offers spectacular scenery. It also boasts a thriving adventure-sports industry, from paragliding to paddle boats. Anyone who wants to experience an ancient way of life should visit Bhaktapur, which is filled with artisan weave cloths, amazing cuisine, and beautiful temples.
The main international airport in Nepal is Tribhuvan International Airport, which serves flights to and from numerous cities in Asia, such as Delhi, Hong Kong, and Dubai. Getting around the country can be a challenge, but public transportation is available. Buses are affordable, however, they tend to be overloaded. Tourist buses are the best way to travel around as they are in good condition.
Citizens of India do not need a visa to enter Nepal without restrictions. Citizens of almost all nations, including the US and all EU countries, can obtain a visa on arrival that is valid for up to 90 days. Only holders of passports from 12 countries, need to have a visa in advance.
Nepal has five seasons. Spring starts in March until May, it offers pleasant weather that is not too cold nor too hot. Summer arrives in June and ends in August, bringing hot temperatures of around 28°C. Monsoon from June to September receives rain almost every day. Autumn and pre-winter bring sunny and pleasant weather, while winter can be very cold.
Local Currency: Nepali rupee (NPR) is the official currency. 1 USD converts to 115 NPR.
Money & Payments: ATMs are available in major cities, such as Kathmandu and Pokhara. Credit cards are accepted in major hotels and restaurants. Tipping is expected.
Local Language: The official language is Nepali. English is mainly spoken in tourism areas.
Local Culture and Religion: Hinduism and Buddhism coexist in Nepal peacefully. Islam, Kiratism, and Christianity are in the minority.
Public Holidays: Some of the most celebrated public holidays are Maha Shivaratri, Buddha Jayanti, Sambidhaan Diwas, and Bhaitika.