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There are different types of treatment for men with breast cancer. Because there have been few clinical treatments for male breast cancer, most doctors recommend the treatment options based on their experience of treating women with breast cancer.
To determine your treatment options, several important factors need to be considered. These include the stage of your cancer, how fast the cancer is growing, your overall health, and your preference. The treatment for male breast cancer often involves surgery and may be combined with other treatments. The five types of treatment used are surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.
Surgery
Surgery is usually the first treatment if a breast abnormality is found to be cancerous. It aims to remove the tumor, as well as some surrounding breast tissue. There are several types of surgery that can be performed:
Mastectomy – The most common type of mastectomy performed in men is called a modified radical mastectomy. This surgery involves removing the nipple, areola (the dark, round area around the nipple), and all of the breast tissue. Many of the lymph nodes under the arm, and sometimes, part of the chest wall muscles may be removed as well.
Lumpectomy – Also known as breast-conserving surgery, lumpectomy is a procedure to remove cancer but not the breast itself. It involves removing the tumor (lump) and a small amount of normal tissue that surrounds it. However, this type of surgery is rarely done because men’s breasts are very small. By the time the tissue and the surrounding tumor have been removed, very little breast tissue is left.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy – this type of surgery involves removing a few lymph nodes for testing. The lymph nodes are most likely to be the first place that cancer cells would spread. Your doctor will remove a few lymph nodes and analyze them. If no cancer cells are found, then there is a good chance that breast cancer has not spread. However, if cancer is found, additional lymph nodes will need to be removed for further testing.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by stopping the cells from dividing or by killing them. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered through a vein in your arm (intravenously) or taken by mouth in the form of a pill. Sometimes, both methods can be used. This type of treatment may be carried out after surgery to lower the risk of your breast cancer coming back. In men with advanced breast cancer or those with cancer that has spread to other areas of the body, chemotherapy may be the main treatment option.
Hormone therapy
Some types of breast cancer rely on certain hormones to grow (hormone receptor). With hormone therapy, the effects of these hormones are blocked. As a result, the growth of the cancer is stopped.
Hormone therapy for male breast cancer usually involves medication called tamoxifen. In some cases, the removal of the testes reduces the amount of certain male hormones in your body. Men who have breast cancer should never take testosterone as it causes the cancer cells to grow.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a type of treatment that uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays and protons, to kill or stop cancer cells from growing. Radiation therapy has two types:
Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance that is sealed in seeds, wires, needles, or catheters that are placed near or directly into cancer.
External radiation therapy involves the use of a machine outside of the body. This machine sends radiation toward cancer.
Targeted therapy
Some men have an excess of a protein (HER2) that can make cancer spread quickly. In this case, your doctor will use drugs or substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. The drug may also boost your immune system, which gives it more strength to fight cancer.
Your length of stay depends on the type of treatment you have. With surgery, you usually need to stay in the hospital for at least a day and stay in Nepal for about 7 to 10 days. For chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy, your length of stay can vary depending on your treatment schedule or treatment plan. Your doctor and/or medical travel team will be able to advise you on this.
The recovery time for surgery can take around 4 to 6 weeks, but you should be able to return to work in 2 to 3 weeks following the surgery. Side effects after chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy generally reduce within a few weeks to several months.
After any type of treatment, your doctor will give you detailed aftercare instructions, what you should and foods to avoid, exercise your plan and restrictions. It is important that you follow the instructions closely. Remember, you will require regular checkups with your doctor for the rest of your life.
Male breast cancer treatment is safe and effective. However, the success rate depends on the stage of cancer and how fast the cancer is growing. All types of treatment carry possible risk and side effects, such as infection, bleeding, hematoma, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and heart problems.
There are currently no other alternatives to the treatments mentioned above. Some men with breast cancer take part in a clinical trial. A treatment clinical trial is a research study used to obtain information on new treatments or help to improve current treatments for patients with cancer.
Before male breast cancer treatment, you may experience uncomfortable symptoms and your cancer is likely to spread to other parts of the body. After successful male breast cancer treatment, most of the symptoms should be gone. You may also be incomplete remission (no evidence of disease or NED).
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Nepal is a country in South Asia, sandwiched between India and China. Home to the mighty Mount Everest, this incredible country has diverse landscapes, from the Himalayan Mountains in the north to the sprawling plains in the south. Towering mountains, charming hill villages, golden mountains, and jungle wildlife, Nepal is truly one of the world’s best travel destinations. Beyond its nature and culture, this country is also increasingly popular for its healthcare. With its affordable high-quality medical facilities, Nepal is considered to have immense potential for medical tourism, due to the availability of good infrastructure, highly trained specialists, modern medical equipment, and relatively cheaper medical treatment. In fact, it’s currently the fastest-growing segment of the country’s tourism. Medical tourists coming to Nepal are usually seeking exceptionally high medical treatment at competitive rates. Some of the most sought after procedures are dental treatments, cardiac services, and neurological treatments.
Kathmandu, the capital and largest city in Nepal, is historic, enticing, spiritual, and vibrant. One of the most famous attractions in the city is the old town, where tourists can find the most popular Tibetan pilgrimage site, the Kathesimbhu Stupa. Another top attraction is Kumari Bahal, which is the home of the Kumari, the girl who is selected to be the town’s living symbol of Devi. Tourists looking to relax in a more laid-back vibe usually go to Pokhara. Stretching along the shore of an idyllic lake, it offers spectacular scenery. It also boasts a thriving adventure-sports industry, from paragliding to paddle boats. Anyone who wants to experience an ancient way of life should visit Bhaktapur, which is filled with artisan weave cloths, amazing cuisine, and beautiful temples.
The main international airport in Nepal is Tribhuvan International Airport, which serves flights to and from numerous cities in Asia, such as Delhi, Hong Kong, and Dubai. Getting around the country can be a challenge, but public transportation is available. Buses are affordable, however, they tend to be overloaded. Tourist buses are the best way to travel around as they are in good condition.
Citizens of India do not need a visa to enter Nepal without restrictions. Citizens of almost all nations, including the US and all EU countries, can obtain a visa on arrival that is valid for up to 90 days. Only holders of passports from 12 countries, need to have a visa in advance.
Nepal has five seasons. Spring starts in March until May, it offers pleasant weather that is not too cold nor too hot. Summer arrives in June and ends in August, bringing hot temperatures of around 28°C. Monsoon from June to September receives rain almost every day. Autumn and pre-winter bring sunny and pleasant weather, while winter can be very cold.
Local Currency: Nepali rupee (NPR) is the official currency. 1 USD converts to 115 NPR.
Money & Payments: ATMs are available in major cities, such as Kathmandu and Pokhara. Credit cards are accepted in major hotels and restaurants. Tipping is expected.
Local Language: The official language is Nepali. English is mainly spoken in tourism areas.
Local Culture and Religion: Hinduism and Buddhism coexist in Nepal peacefully. Islam, Kiratism, and Christianity are in the minority.
Public Holidays: Some of the most celebrated public holidays are Maha Shivaratri, Buddha Jayanti, Sambidhaan Diwas, and Bhaitika.