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There are different types of treatment for men with breast cancer. Because there have been few clinical treatments for male breast cancer, most doctors recommend the treatment options based on their experience of treating women with breast cancer.
To determine your treatment options, several important factors need to be considered. These include the stage of your cancer, how fast the cancer is growing, your overall health, and your preference. The treatment for male breast cancer often involves surgery and may be combined with other treatments. The five types of treatment used are surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.
Surgery
Surgery is usually the first treatment if a breast abnormality is found to be cancerous. It aims to remove the tumor, as well as some surrounding breast tissue. There are several types of surgery that can be performed:
Mastectomy – The most common type of mastectomy performed in men is called a modified radical mastectomy. This surgery involves removing the nipple, areola (the dark, round area around the nipple), and all of the breast tissue. Many of the lymph nodes under the arm, and sometimes, part of the chest wall muscles may be removed as well.
Lumpectomy – Also known as breast-conserving surgery, lumpectomy is a procedure to remove cancer but not the breast itself. It involves removing the tumor (lump) and a small amount of normal tissue that surrounds it. However, this type of surgery is rarely done because men’s breasts are very small. By the time the tissue and the surrounding tumor have been removed, very little breast tissue is left.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy – this type of surgery involves removing a few lymph nodes for testing. The lymph nodes are most likely to be the first place that cancer cells would spread. Your doctor will remove a few lymph nodes and analyze them. If no cancer cells are found, then there is a good chance that breast cancer has not spread. However, if cancer is found, additional lymph nodes will need to be removed for further testing.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by stopping the cells from dividing or by killing them. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered through a vein in your arm (intravenously) or taken by mouth in the form of a pill. Sometimes, both methods can be used. This type of treatment may be carried out after surgery to lower the risk of your breast cancer coming back. In men with advanced breast cancer or those with cancer that has spread to other areas of the body, chemotherapy may be the main treatment option.
Hormone therapy
Some types of breast cancer rely on certain hormones to grow (hormone receptor). With hormone therapy, the effects of these hormones are blocked. As a result, the growth of the cancer is stopped.
Hormone therapy for male breast cancer usually involves medication called tamoxifen. In some cases, the removal of the testes reduces the amount of certain male hormones in your body. Men who have breast cancer should never take testosterone as it causes the cancer cells to grow.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a type of treatment that uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays and protons, to kill or stop cancer cells from growing. Radiation therapy has two types:
Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance that is sealed in seeds, wires, needles, or catheters that are placed near or directly into cancer.
External radiation therapy involves the use of a machine outside of the body. This machine sends radiation toward cancer.
Targeted therapy
Some men have an excess of a protein (HER2) that can make cancer spread quickly. In this case, your doctor will use drugs or substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. The drug may also boost your immune system, which gives it more strength to fight cancer.
Your length of stay depends on the type of treatment you have. With surgery, you usually need to stay in the hospital for at least a day and stay in Panama for about 7 to 10 days. For chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy, your length of stay can vary depending on your treatment schedule or treatment plan. Your doctor and/or medical travel team will be able to advise you on this.
The recovery time for surgery can take around 4 to 6 weeks, but you should be able to return to work in 2 to 3 weeks following the surgery. Side effects after chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy generally reduce within a few weeks to several months.
After any type of treatment, your doctor will give you detailed aftercare instructions, what you should and foods to avoid, exercise your plan and restrictions. It is important that you follow the instructions closely. Remember, you will require regular checkups with your doctor for the rest of your life.
Male breast cancer treatment is safe and effective. However, the success rate depends on the stage of cancer and how fast the cancer is growing. All types of treatment carry possible risk and side effects, such as infection, bleeding, hematoma, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and heart problems.
There are currently no other alternatives to the treatments mentioned above. Some men with breast cancer take part in a clinical trial. A treatment clinical trial is a research study used to obtain information on new treatments or help to improve current treatments for patients with cancer.
Before male breast cancer treatment, you may experience uncomfortable symptoms and your cancer is likely to spread to other parts of the body. After successful male breast cancer treatment, most of the symptoms should be gone. You may also be incomplete remission (no evidence of disease or NED).
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Situated as a transcontinental entity, the Republic of Panama straddles the geographic crossroads of Central and South America. The inception of the Panama Canal in 1914 propelled this country into an integral position as a nexus between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Those who are drawn to visit this radiant country find themselves ensnared in a mesmerizing display of cerulean seas, diverse fauna, deserted islands, bountiful coffee farms, and awe-inspiring rainforests.
The Republic of Panama unites the corners of the world, bridging the two American continents as a vibrant transcontinental nation. The construction of the Panama Canal in 1914 marked a turning point, positioning the nation as a crucial crossroad - connecting the vast expanse of Caribbean waters with the Pacific. The travelers who venture into this country discover an array of rewards awaiting them. The breathtaking beauty of sparkling blue waters, a plethora of enthralling wildlife, desolate islands that evoke an air of tranquility, sprawling coffee plantations, and the awe-striking charm of lush rainforests contribute to the diverse and enticing experiences that Panama has to offer.
Over the past several years, the Republic of Panama is steadily gaining renown as a preferred medical tourism hotspot for myriad individuals across Europe and the United States. The medical professionals operating within the country receive their robust education and accreditation from the United States, thus ensuring their expertise extends to the vanguard of their respective fields. The blend of these proficient doctors and superb medical infrastructure, combined with reasonable pricing on a wide range of medical practices, contributes to Panama's appeal for healthcare needs. Whether one seeks remedial treatments or desires elective cosmetic surgery, there are an ample array of high-quality, cost-effective services available in this picturesque country.
In the recent panorama, Panama has noticed a swift surge in its recognition as a prime choice for medical tourism, attracting numerous Europeans and Americans to its shores. Professionally trained and certified in the United States, the doctors in Panama stand at the forefront of their respective medical fields. Contributing to its desirability as a medical tourism hub is the high-quality care provided by these adept medical practitioners, alongside state-of-the-art healthcare facilities. The affordability of medical procedures in Panama further heightens its appeal. From treatments aimed at correcting medical conditions to elective cosmetic surgeries, the striking beauty of Panama, coupled with its comprehensive and affordable healthcare solutions, makes it an ideal medical destination for individuals worldwide.
Known as the most cosmopolitan capital within the region of Central America, Panama City opens the door to a multitude of tropical getaways while donning the hat of a bustling metropolis. Serving as a focal point for trade and immigration within the region, Panama City represents a vibrant blend of diverse cultures; a veritable melting pot where different backgrounds meet and meld.
Being the epitome of cosmopolitan magnificence in Central America, Panama City beams as the gateway to a spectrum of tropical retreats and simultaneously thrives as a bustling urban settlement. It stands as a central hotspot for regional trade and immigration practices, thereby birthing a profusion of cultures. This city, with its diverse cultural influences, serves as a sophisticated melting pot, crafting a harmonious blend of a myriad of cultures.
Some of the more popular tourist attractions are Teatro Nacional, Panamá Viejo, Donde José, and Parque Natural Metropolitano. Although the capital attracts thousands of tourists each year, the most popular destination is Bocas del Toro. Combining a laid-back Caribbean vibe with the incredible natural setting of forests, jungles, and mangrove, this seaside town is where adventure and relaxation meet. Surfing and snorkeling are extremely popular in this town. However, the real talking point is relaxing in a secluded cove which can only be reached by water taxis.
The primary international portal into Panama is the Tocumen International Airport, serving as a critical regional hub for flights moving in and out of The Caribbean, as well as North, South, and Central America. Additionally, it accommodates flights from select cities across Asia and Europe. For intra-country travel, domestic flights are the quickest mode of transport; however, the speed comes with a higher price tag.
Road travel presents a more economical alternative, with buses being the most widely used and cost-effective means of transportation across the country. Within the confines of major cities, taxis are readily available for residents and tourists alike.
Tocumen International Airport is the premier international aerial gateway into Panama. This airport stands as a regional transport hub, connecting Panama with destinations across the Caribbean, North, South, and Central America — even heralding flights from certain European and Asian cities. To journey within Panama, domestic flights offer the quickest, albeit pricier, option. For those prioritizing affordability over speed, buses provide a popular and budget-friendly choice.
Further adding to the transportation options in Panama is the accessibility of taxi services. For those traversing within the major urban areas of the country, taxi services make intra-city travel a breeze. These easily available taxis contribute significantly to the efficiency of short distance commutes.
Additionally, getting around within the key city areas in this country is seamless thanks to the taxi services. For intra-city commutes in Panama's principal urban centers, taxis stand as a thoroughly accessible choice for transportation, simplifying movement within the cityscape.
Panama allows citizens of most countries, including all EU citizens and Americans, to visit the country without a visa for 180 days. Some other countries, such as China and the Philippines, need a visa to visit the country. All visitors need to hold a passport valid for at least 6 months.
Citizens of over 100 countries, including all EU nations and the United States, can visit Panama without a visa for up to 180 days.
Nationals of countries not included in the visa-exemption list need to apply for a visa before traveling to Panama.
All visitors must have a valid passport with at least six months remaining validity from the date of entry.
Proof of onward travel may be requested upon arrival.
Situated comfortably within the tropics, Panama's climate is characterized by distinctive wet and dry seasonal variations. Spanning from mid-March through to December, the wet season tends to bring rainfall every alternate day. However, the showers are typically brief and they mainly occur during afternoon hours, but this season also tends to be quite humid. On the other hand, the dry season extends from December until March. Throughout this time frame, the likelihood of witnessing rainfall dramatically decreases, resulting in overall drier conditions.
Given its tropical location, Panama experiences two distinct seasons: the wet and the dry. Commencing in mid-March and continuing until December, the wet season brings periodic rainfall, which typically occurs in short, intense bursts during the afternoon. However, tourists should remember that humidity levels can peak during this time. Conversely, the dry season, which stretches from December through March, ushers in a period of minimal rainfall, offering a drier climate.