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There are different types of treatment for men with breast cancer. Because there have been few clinical treatments for male breast cancer, most doctors recommend the treatment options based on their experience of treating women with breast cancer.
To determine your treatment options, several important factors need to be considered. These include the stage of your cancer, how fast the cancer is growing, your overall health, and your preference. The treatment for male breast cancer often involves surgery and may be combined with other treatments. The five types of treatment used are surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.
Surgery
Surgery is usually the first treatment if a breast abnormality is found to be cancerous. It aims to remove the tumor, as well as some surrounding breast tissue. There are several types of surgery that can be performed:
Mastectomy – The most common type of mastectomy performed in men is called a modified radical mastectomy. This surgery involves removing the nipple, areola (the dark, round area around the nipple), and all of the breast tissue. Many of the lymph nodes under the arm, and sometimes, part of the chest wall muscles may be removed as well.
Lumpectomy – Also known as breast-conserving surgery, lumpectomy is a procedure to remove cancer but not the breast itself. It involves removing the tumor (lump) and a small amount of normal tissue that surrounds it. However, this type of surgery is rarely done because men’s breasts are very small. By the time the tissue and the surrounding tumor have been removed, very little breast tissue is left.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy – this type of surgery involves removing a few lymph nodes for testing. The lymph nodes are most likely to be the first place that cancer cells would spread. Your doctor will remove a few lymph nodes and analyze them. If no cancer cells are found, then there is a good chance that breast cancer has not spread. However, if cancer is found, additional lymph nodes will need to be removed for further testing.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by stopping the cells from dividing or by killing them. Chemotherapy drugs can be administered through a vein in your arm (intravenously) or taken by mouth in the form of a pill. Sometimes, both methods can be used. This type of treatment may be carried out after surgery to lower the risk of your breast cancer coming back. In men with advanced breast cancer or those with cancer that has spread to other areas of the body, chemotherapy may be the main treatment option.
Hormone therapy
Some types of breast cancer rely on certain hormones to grow (hormone receptor). With hormone therapy, the effects of these hormones are blocked. As a result, the growth of the cancer is stopped.
Hormone therapy for male breast cancer usually involves medication called tamoxifen. In some cases, the removal of the testes reduces the amount of certain male hormones in your body. Men who have breast cancer should never take testosterone as it causes the cancer cells to grow.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a type of treatment that uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays and protons, to kill or stop cancer cells from growing. Radiation therapy has two types:
Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance that is sealed in seeds, wires, needles, or catheters that are placed near or directly into cancer.
External radiation therapy involves the use of a machine outside of the body. This machine sends radiation toward cancer.
Targeted therapy
Some men have an excess of a protein (HER2) that can make cancer spread quickly. In this case, your doctor will use drugs or substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells. The drug may also boost your immune system, which gives it more strength to fight cancer.
Your length of stay depends on the type of treatment you have. With surgery, you usually need to stay in the hospital for at least a day and stay in Poland for about 7 to 10 days. For chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy, your length of stay can vary depending on your treatment schedule or treatment plan. Your doctor and/or medical travel team will be able to advise you on this.
The recovery time for surgery can take around 4 to 6 weeks, but you should be able to return to work in 2 to 3 weeks following the surgery. Side effects after chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy generally reduce within a few weeks to several months.
After any type of treatment, your doctor will give you detailed aftercare instructions, what you should and foods to avoid, exercise your plan and restrictions. It is important that you follow the instructions closely. Remember, you will require regular checkups with your doctor for the rest of your life.
Male breast cancer treatment is safe and effective. However, the success rate depends on the stage of cancer and how fast the cancer is growing. All types of treatment carry possible risk and side effects, such as infection, bleeding, hematoma, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and heart problems.
There are currently no other alternatives to the treatments mentioned above. Some men with breast cancer take part in a clinical trial. A treatment clinical trial is a research study used to obtain information on new treatments or help to improve current treatments for patients with cancer.
Before male breast cancer treatment, you may experience uncomfortable symptoms and your cancer is likely to spread to other parts of the body. After successful male breast cancer treatment, most of the symptoms should be gone. You may also be incomplete remission (no evidence of disease or NED).
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Poland, as one of Central Europe's most expansive nations, has only recently begun to make its mark as a key player in the realm of Medical Tourism. Being particularly appealing to tourists from neighboring regions, many visitors arrive seeking Male Breast Cancer Treatment procedures. Poland's open border policy further simplifies travel between its territory and other countries within the European Union (EU), making it an accessible destination for many.
The Polish healthcare system comprises a blend of public and private establishments. While none of these facilities hold JCI accreditation, they are endorsed by local accreditations issued by the Polish Ministry of Health. Their recognition within the European Union testifies to the quality and reliability of these certifying bodies.
In Poland, the most frequently sought-after medical procedures encompass dental, cosmetic, orthopedic, and bariatric treatments. Impressively, the costs of these treatments are significantly lower than what one would expect to pay in Poland's Western European counterparts. Beyond Poland's vibrant capital, Warsaw, cities such as Krakow, Jelenia Gora, and Wroclaw have emerged as favored destinations among medical tourists.
Poland, with a population exceeding 38.5 million, is a nation steeped in rich history and recognized for its whopping fourteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Despite frequently being overshadowed in the realm of tourism, the country in reality, boasts of a multitude of alluring attractions waiting to be explored and appreciated.
Poland has a temperate climate and sometimes experiences rough weather. Spring starts in late March to May. The season is characterized by a wave of warmer weather with less frequent rain. It is one of the best times to visit Poland because the temperature is comfortable.
Poland's summer season extends from June until August and brings with it a certain unpredictability in weather patterns. The general climate is warm, with temperatures hovering between 18 to 30°C. Amidst sunny spells and elevated temperatures, frequent rain showers and storms are also common phenomena. This period marks the peak of the tourism season and tourists can expect prices to see a corresponding increase. Despite the occasional rains, summer promises a delightful time to experience Poland in all its warmth.
September to November is Autumn, the season where the temperature starts to drop. Late September and October are still warm, while November is cold and wet. Sunny days during this season are known as “Polish Golden Autumn.”
Winter in Poland, which runs from December until early March, can be exceedingly cold. Temperatures often tumble to an average range of 0 to -10°C and can even drop as low as -20°C. Despite the chilly conditions, this is actually the peak season for mountain ski resorts, attracting numerous enthusiasts to take advantage of Poland's picturesque winter landscapes.
Most international flights arrive at Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport. It’s Poland’s largest and busiest airport. The airport serves domestic and has International connections with many cities around the world. It is the hub for LOT Polish Airlines. Budget airlines such as Wizz Air and EasyJet also operate flights from this airport. There is a smaller airport, Warsaw Modlin Airport, which handles more budget airlines.
To get to the city center, bus, taxi, and train are available. There are five public buses that stop at Warsaw’s city center; bus 175, bus 188, bus 148, bus 331, and bus N32 (night bus). Taxis are available, but always make sure to use licensed taxi services. The fare from the airport to the city center is around 40 PLN. Chopin Airport is linked to Legionowo and Sulejówek Miłosna by a railway service. Tourists can buy ZTM tickets to ride the bus and train which can be purchased at the Passenger Information Point in the arrivals hall, ticket machines at bus stops and train station entrance, or from bus drivers.
Ample public transportation options simplify getting around in Poland. Trains, in particular, offer an incredibly budget-friendly means of travel. For instance, the journey from Krakow to Warsaw is set to cost approximately 45 PLN and spans a duration of around three hours. Meanwhile, a slightly longer five-hour train journey from Warsaw to Gdansk can be undertaken at a reasonable fare of around 65 PLN. Such connectivity and affordability make exploration within Poland both easy and economical.
Within the cities, local buses in the central zone cost around 4 PLN (a single-fare ticket). Major cities offer one-day tickets for 20 PLN. Taxis are relatively cheap and tourists can get around the city quickly. Taxis are metered and usually start at around 6 PLN to 8 PLN. Unlicensed taxi drivers are most likely to cheat and charge more. There are taxis that put a fake phone number in their cars, be careful and ask your hotel staff for the number of the taxi company they have used previously. Cycling is a good way to explore the scenery in Poland. There are many bike rentals around the country, always be aware of drivers since some are careless.
For cities like Krakow, tourists are highly recommended to secure tourist cards. These cards provide unlimited access to public transportation for a period of one to three days. In addition, they also offer free or discounted admission to several museums. This is a great bargains that grants tourists flexibility and sizable savings to fully relish their visit.
Poland is part of the Schengen Area. Citizens of the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, and several other countries do not need to obtain a visa and can stay in Poland for up to 90 days. EU citizens do not need a visa and can stay indefinitely. Other nationalities must check with their local Polish embassy. All visitors must hold a passport valid for at least six months.
Additional Information about Visa in Poland: