Primary Bone Cancer Treatment in Iran

Surgery for tumors in a leg or arm

Surgery is the most common treatment for primary bone cancer. It aims to remove the tumor, as well as some of the bone tissue surrounding it. Note that all types of surgery are performed under general anesthesia.

There are different types of surgery depending on the location of cancer:

• Limb-sparing surgery – this surgery is done to remove cancer but keep the limb. It is performed in about 9 out of 10 people. During limb-sparing surgery, your surgeon will take out the affected part of the bone. Some normal-looking bone and muscle that surrounds it will also be removed. The bone that is removed will be replaced with a bone graft (a piece of healthy bone from another part of your body or from a “bone bank”) or an implant.

• Surgery to remove the limb (amputation) – when it is impossible to remove all of cancer without affecting the leg or arm too much, the only effective treatment is to remove the limb. This type of surgery is uncommon and is done in about 1 out of 10 people.

• Rotationplasty – this surgery may be needed when the tumor is located around the knee or in the thigh bone. This surgery involves removing the tumor, then the lower part of the leg is rotated 180 degrees and attached to the upper part of the leg so that your ankle becomes your new knee joint. To replace the lower part of the leg, an external prosthesis is used.

Surgery for cancers in other parts of the body 

If the cancer is located in your lower jaw, part of the jaw where the tumor is can be removed. It will then be replaced with bones from other parts of your body. Surgery for other parts of your body, such as the pelvic bones, are complex and need to be planned carefully.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy, or radiotherapy, uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays, to kill cancer cells. It is most often used to treat a type of primary bone cancer called Ewing sarcoma. During the procedure, you will lie on a table that slides into a special machine. The machine will move around you and aim the high-energy beams at specific points on your body.

This type of treatment is usually used before surgery to shrink the tumor, making it easier to remove and reducing the chance of amputation. It may also be used in people with primary bone cancer that cannot be removed with surgery, or combined with other types of treatment.

Chemotherapy

With chemotherapy, drugs are used to kill cancer cells. The drugs are usually injected into a vein (intravenously) for several hours. It is an important part of treatment for Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma but is not typically used to treat chordoma and chondrosarcoma.

Cryosurgery

Cryosurgery is sometimes performed to replace surgery to remove tumors from the bone. It uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and kill cancer cells.  

Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy uses a drug that is specifically designed to interact with a molecule causing cancer cells to grow. Doctors use denosumab (Xgeva), a monoclonal antibody, in targeted therapy. It is approved to treat adults and skeletally mature adolescents who have giant cell tumor of bone that cannot be treated with surgery.

Your length of stay in Iran depends on the type of treatment you have. After surgery, you may need to stay in the hospital for 4 to 7 days and stay in the country for 10 to 14 days. The length of stay after chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy depends on your treatment plan or cycle. Your cancer team and/or medical travel team will be able to advise you on this matter.

Everyone recovers differently. It may take several months for your bone to fully heal after surgery. If you have had an amputation, it may take a year before your limb is completely comfortable.  With therapy, you may be able to return to your normal routine, including work, when you do not experience any symptoms or side effects that interfere with your ability to perform your daily activity. Ensure to ask your employer to adjust your work schedule when you are undergoing therapy. It's crucial for patients to be aware of this, as giving the body ample time to heal can significantly enhance the success rate of the treatment.

After surgery, physical therapy and rehabilitation are very important. Physical therapists will show you exercises to keep the muscles around your surgery site flexible and strong. Physical therapy will help you regain ease of movement and flexibility. Following the recommended rehabilitation program may offer the highest chance of good long-term limb function.

You may also need to attend checkups every 3 to 12 months after your treatment. These checkups are important to ensure that cancer has not come back and to help you manage any side effects from the treatment.

Primary Bone Cancer Treatment has been doing well, helping a large number of patients feel better and see notable improvement in their health status. The treatment is generally safe and many patients may be cured completely after successful treatment. The efficiency of this treatment relies on multiple things such as the kind and stage of the primary bone cancer, the patient's overall health state, and how quick and effective the treatment plan is carried out. 

When the Primary Bone Cancer Treatment is carried out correctly, it doesn't just add more years to the patient's life but also enhances the quality of those years. Lots of patients are able to get back to their normal lives after they recover, showing how effective the procedure is. The success rate of the procedure is boosted by the high-tech medical tools and the skilled healthcare professionals in Iran.

Many people take part in clinical treatments as an alternative to the primary bone cancer treatments mentioned above. A clinical trial is a study and research that is used to develop new treatments for cancer.