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Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine that occurs most before puberty during the growth spurt. Most cases of scoliosis are mild. However, it can get more severe, particularly as children grow. People with severe scoliosis may need surgery to treat their condition. Scoliosis surgery is the most extensive type of treatment for scoliosis. Besides for those with severe scoliosis, surgery may also be considered if:
The curve is getting significantly worse.
The curve is greater than 40 degrees.
The curve is interrupting your daily life and causes discomfort.
You experience severe back pain.
Other treatments have not helped your condition.
The nerves in your spine are being squashed or irritated.
There are several types of scoliosis surgery, including spinal fusion, growing systems (insertion of special rods), and fusion-less. The type of surgery you will get usually depends on your age and the severity of your scoliosis.
Spinal Fusion
Spinal fusion is by far the most commonly performed scoliosis surgery for teenagers and adults. This surgery involves fusing two or more adjacent vertebrae (the small, interlocking bones of the spine) together, which will cause the vertebrae to grow together at the spinal joint and form a solid bone that cannot move independently. This will limit the movement of your spine.
The vertebrae are fused together using a bone graft, screws, and rods. The rods keep your spine in a straight position, while the screws hold them in place. The bone graft and vertebrae eventually fuse together into a single bone. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia.
Fusion-less
Fusionless surgery is a relatively new approach to treating scoliosis. As opposed to spinal fusion, which limits movement and growth, fusion-less can preserve the movement and growth of your spine and this type of surgery is usually done on children.
Fusionless surgery involves applying constant pressure on the outer side of a spinal curve. It aims to slow or even stop the growth of the curve’s outer side, while the inner side can continue to grow normally. Over time, the lateral curvature should reduce as the spine becomes straighter.
Growing system (special rods)
In younger children, generally those under the age of 10, surgery to insert special rods alongside the spine can be done. The rods are anchored to the spine to help maintain or correct the spine’s curvature while the child grows. After 6 to 12 months, the child needs to return to their specialist to have the rods lengthened to keep up with their growth. This can be done in two ways:
Through a minor surgery in which the rods are extended through a small incision in the back.
Using a remote control that can activate magnets inside the rods. With this procedure, no cuts are needed to lengthen the rods.
This type of surgery is done in young children because if spinal fusion is done at too young of an age, it could cause several complications, such as less room for the lungs to develop.
Although it depends on the type of surgery you underwent, you may need to stay in the hospital for two to seven days. Children may need to stay longer, usually for 10 days. It is recommended that you stay in Croatia for about eight to ten more days for follow-up checkups and stitches removal.
Full recovery can take about three to six months. However, school and work may be resumed after 4 to 6 weeks. Children may need to avoid sports roughly a year after surgery, while adults may need to avoid strenuous activities for a few months.
After surgery, you may need to wear a brace to keep your spine in proper alignment. You may also need to learn new techniques to sit, stand, and walk safely. Physical rehabilitation is recommended to help you learn ways to move safely and to strengthen your back.
Spinal fusion surgery has a high overall success rate. The University of Washington’s Department of Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine reported that spinal fusion can achieve approximately 70% curve correction and has around 2 to 3% chances of complications when performed on someone under 16 with idiopathic scoliosis. However, the data for fusion-less surgery is not yet available.
As with any surgery, scoliosis surgery carries some risks, such as infection, pain, nerve damage, failure to heal, and excessive bleeding.
If the scoliosis isn’t severe, your doctor may recommend the following:
Exercise – you can talk to a healthcare professional about an exercise program to strengthen and stretch your back.
Spinal injections – if scoliosis irritates or puts pressure on the nerves, your doctor may inject steroids to temporarily ease your discomfort.
Back braces – these are usually recommended for children, although adults may also benefit from using them. A back brace can help support your back and stop it from getting worse.
Before scoliosis surgery, your scoliosis can be severe, cause pain, or prevent you from doing your normal activities. After surgery, you should be able to enjoy your daily activities without discomfort or pain.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Despite its relatively small size, Croatia presents a striking geographical diversity. It undoubtedly has a unique charm for those indulging in fantasies of an idyllic beach holiday. Being home to a vast stretch of seafront that spans thousands of miles and an intriguing archipelago with hundreds of islands, Croatia upholds a significant appeal for lovers of sun, sand, and surf.
Beyond its appealing coastlines, Croatia encompasses much more in its terrains. The expanse of the country is dotted with rugged, dramatic mountains that serve as the perfect backdrop to ancient towns that are enclosed within historical walls. The country is rich in untouched national parks that are truly a paradise for nature enthusiasts.
You also get a glimpse of regal history through majestic castles that mark the Croatian landscape. The icing on the cake is its fantastic cuisine that adds a flavorful dimension to one's experiences. Last but not least, the impressive Roman ruins scattered across the country are a testament to its astonishing historical heritage, enticing history buffs worldwide to explore Croatia.
Although Croatia is a newcomer to the medical tourism sector, the demand for medical services in the country by foreign patients is increasing. Its strong growth is largely driven by the high cost of private care and long waiting times in public healthcare in countries such as the UK and the US. Croatia is known to have affordable, top-quality treatments performed by highly qualified medical professionals. Also, medical centers in the country have modern equipment, friendly staff, and exceptional services.
Zagreb, the bustling capital of Croatia, is a vibrant city that boasts a blend of verdant parks, unconventional art galleries, and enticing museums. Even though the city pulsates with modern energy, its scenery stands distinguished by an array of neo-baroque and art deco buildings that impart a unique architectural charm.
The vibrant city of Zagreb brims with an eclectic mix of attractions that can appeal to a wide range of tastes and interests. One such unique point of interest is the Museum of Broken Relationships. This peculiar museum offers an offbeat exploration into the vestiges of love that has ended, providing a distinctively intimate glimpse into personal stories of heartbreak.
Another notable site that significantly attracts visitors is the serene Mirogoj. Not just an ordinary cemetery, Mirogoj stands out as one of the finest architectural gems in Croatia, offering a peaceful retreat within the lively cityscape. Balancing modern dynamics with a deep-rooted cultural heritage, Zagreb indeed offers engaging facets for every type of traveler.
The Croatian Museum of Naïve Art, standing as a symbol of the country’s rich artistic history, is a must-visit for art aficionados. Further, the bustling Dolac Market is the city's epicentre for fresh produce where locals and tourists alike converge. Rounding off the list is the Funicular Railway, another essential experience that offers a charming way to take in Zagreb's panoramic views.
Those who want to enjoy Croatian’s famous beaches and explore ancient monuments should visit Dubrovnik. Known as the “Pearl of the Adriatic,” this city has a giant walled Old Town, stunning mountains, and idyllic beaches.
Croatia's summer season, extending from July to August, is characterized by lovely warm weather and dry conditions, with a generous sprinkling of sunshine across most days. Transition seasons such as spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) also offer a fairly warm and agreeable climate, making them pleasant times to visit. However, the spring season can sometimes bring increased rainfall.
On the other hand, winters in Croatia, particularly in January, can dip into colder temperatures. This chill factor is more pronounced in areas of higher elevations, where it's common to witness snowy landscapes. Each season in Croatia brings with it a distinctive climate and charm, shaping the country's scenic beauty in different ways throughout the year.
As the calendar flips over to the cooler months, the Croatian landscape transitions from sun-kissed beaches to frost-laden terrains, especially in the elevated regions of the country. Here, it is not unusual to see snowfall, adding a whole new dimension to Croatia's captivating beauty. Still, regardless of the weather, Croatia retains its charm, offering visitors an array of unique experiences all year round. The country's seasonal moods only add to its diverse appeal, ensuring that there's always something beautiful to see or experience, making Croatia a truly year-round destination.
Zagreb Airport claims the title of being the largest and most frequented international airport in Croatia. This bustling transport hub is where the majority of global explorers set foot in the country.
The airport operates a host of both regular and seasonal air services that connect Zagreb to numerous metropolises worldwide. Notable among these are Paris, Toronto, London, Barcelona, Dubai, and Seoul, further emphasising Zagreb Airport's significance in global travel.
There are good transport options in Croatia. Domestic flights are the fastest option to get around, though they can be a bit expensive. The bus network is run by a lot of different companies and is generally comfortable.
The Croatian Railways has a reasonably efficient service and is cheaper than buses, but they are slower and less frequent. There is a large network of catamarans and car ferries. In major cities, the main form of transport is buses. Taxis are available and are expensive.
EU nationals, Canadian, Australian, British, and US nationals do not need to apply for a visa to stay in Croatia for up to 90 days. While Croatia is not yet a member of the Schengen area, holders of Schengen visas to enter the country without having to apply for an additional visa.
Tips for applying for a tourist visa to Croatia: