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Orchiectomy, also known as an orchidectomy, or simply orchi, is a surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed. When just one testicle is removed, it is called unilateral simple orchiectomy. When both testicles are removed, the procedure is called bilateral orchiectomy. The surgery is typically performed as a treatment for testicular cancer. Some other cases where simple orchiectomy is performed are:
As the name implies, simple orchiectomy is a simple procedure, taking about just 30 minutes to be performed.
Every procedure requires the patient to stay in a certain position. For a simple orchiectomy, the patient is made to lie in a flat or in medical terms, a supine position on an operating table. The patient is prepped and draped in the usual standard sterile manner. The penis is taped against the abdomen so that the scrotum is exposed. The nurse will shave a small area to prepare the region for an incision.
It is a simple procedure that takes only 30 minutes to be performed. It is done under local or regional anesthesia or epidural anesthesia. An example of a commonly used local anesthetic (LA) is the lidocaine. Epidural anesthesia is given by injecting a needle into a small area of the back so that anesthetic can be injected into the epidural space.
After the anesthetic has been administered, the surgeon makes an incision in the midpoint of the scrotum and cuts through the underlying tissue, going through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, dartos layer, and the tunica vaginalis.
The surgeon removes the testicles, along with all the gubernacular attachments, and parts of the spermatic cord through the incision. All the bleeders are coagulated. The incision is closed with two layers of sutures and covered with a surgical dressing.
If the patient desires, a prosthetic testicle can be inserted before the incision is closed to present an aesthetic outward appearance of a pre-surgical scrotum.
Simple orchiectomy can be performed as an outpatient procedure. The typical length of time for this procedure is usually about 30 minutes. Nonetheless, you always have the option to stay a little longer at the hospital for your recovery if you choose.
It is also important that you have regular check-ups with your surgeon while you’re still in recovery. In most cases, the doctor will use stitches that dissolve on their own in about 1 to 3 weeks and do not need to be removed.
The usual recovery time can take about a month. The first two weeks can be especially painful and patients are advised to not engage in vigorous exercise or effort. The Doctor will prescribe pain medications (NSAIDS) to ease your discomfort. It is very advisable that you take 2 weeks off work after the operation to fully help the recovery.
Simple orchiectomy has a high success rate where most patients leave the operating room happy with the procedure.
Following bilateral simple orchiectomy, there can be depletion in androgen levels, a relative increase in estrogen levels, metabolic changes, and other numerous consequences, including:
Alternatives to a simple orchiectomy are observation and certain drugs, like LHRH analogs, anti-androgens, steroid anti-androgens, estrogens. Other more advanced hormonal therapy regimens and experimental chemotherapy have been reserved for later stages of cancers.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Historic Spain is home to the third-highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, after Italy and China. Part of the Iberian Peninsula, along with Portugal, Spain also shares borders with France and the less well-known, Andorra. The country itself is made up of several regions, both on the mainland and out at sea, with the Canary Islands closer to Morocco than Spain - they are located in the Atlantic Ocean, whilst the Balearic Islands are a little closer to home, in the Mediterranean Sea. On the mainland there is Central Spain, home to the capital, Madrid, Catalonia in the East, home to the second city, Barcelona, and the Basque Country in the North, to name but a few.
Spain sees an estimated 100,000 medical tourists each year, many of which travel for Simple Orchiectomy procedures. The biggest target market is from the UK, accounting for one in four of Spain's 60m annual tourists. An excellent healthcare system combined with warm temperatures and competitive prices means that Spain is now one of the more popular destinations in Europe for medical tourism. The most popular procedures tend to be cosmetic surgery, fertility treatments, bariatric surgery, cardiac surgery, orthopedics, urology, and bone marrow transplants.
Spain has diverse landscapes, dynamic cities, influential art, and delightful food.
Spain has wonderful weather all year-round. Summer starts from June to August and tends to be nice. Tourists can expect warm and sunny weather. The temperature can get as high as 30 °C, sometimes even higher. Summer is the peak season for tourism so prices can increase by up to 50%.
Spring (April to May) and Autumn (September to October) are great times to visit. The weather is mild and perfect to do outdoor activities, although sometimes it can be unpredictable. The country is not as crowded as during summertime.
Winter in Spain is cold but the temperature does not drop too low. The average temperature is between 4 °C to 10 °C. Northern Spain and the mountainous areas sometimes experience snowfall and rain showers.
The main international airport in Spain is Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas and Barcelona El Prat Airport. Madrid-Barajas is the largest airport in the country. It operates domestic and international flights. The airport connects Madrid with almost every country in the world. It serves several budget airlines such as Iberia Express, Ryanair, and EasyJet. It is the hub for Air Europa and Iberia.
Barcelona El Prat Airport also serves domestic and international connections with almost every country globally. Budget airlines such as Ryanair and WestJet operate flights from this airport. It is the hub for Level and Vueling.
To get to the city center, both airports provide taxis, buses, and metro. Taxis are the most convenient transportation mode but usually more expensive. Tourists who travel to Madrid are advised to buy the Madrid Tourist Travel Pass which can be used on any Metro, bus, or suburban train for just 5 EUR.
Spain has a well-designed public transportation network. Tourists can get around Spain by train. There are high-speed (AVE) and regular service trains (Talgo) for long-distance or medium distance travel, the fares are based on a 1st and 2nd class system. For short destinations, tourists can use local trains. It offers one class of seats and makes a lot of stops. 60-year-old and older travelers can get a discount between 25 to 40 percent for train tickets. Children under the age of 13 also qualified for discounts. Buses are another excellent option. Intercity buses are affordable, clean, and safe.
Renting a car gives more flexibility for tourists. International car rental agencies are widely available in the country. The highway system is easy for foreigners to follow. Parking can be quite hard in some cities and historic towns because it can get really crowded.
Taxis have a reasonable price. Spanish taxi drivers are usually trustworthy and don’t cheat. The taxi can be hailed on the street or from a taxi stand (parade de taxi). Available taxis have green lights or signs that say “libre” on them. Taxis run on meters, but if you’re traveling a long distance, you will have to agree on the fare in advance.
Citizens of the European Union, Norway, Liechtenstein, Iceland, and Switzerland can travel to Spain with their identity cards only. Citizens of Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, the United States, and New Zealand are granted visa-free entry and can stay for up to 90 days. Other countries can check with their nearest Spanish embassy or consulate. Spain is a member of the Schengen Convention. If you hold a Schengen visa, you cannot extend it.