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Surgery is a treatment option for numerous different stages of stomach cancer, particularly in its early stages. If a patient has a stage 0, I, II, or III cancer and is generally healthy enough, surgery often offers the only realistic chance for cure.
The aim of surgery is to remove all of cancer in the stomach while keeping as much normal tissue as possible. In some cases, some nearby tissues and lymph nodes may also be removed, depending on the stage and type of stomach cancer. Sometimes the surgeon may need to remove other organs as well.
There are several different types of surgery for stomach cancer. The type of surgery you have will depend on the type and stage of your cancer, as well as its location in your stomach.
Endoscopic resection
Endoscopic resection is used to treat very early-stage tumors that have not spread from the stomach walls. The goal of this procedure is to effectively remove the body of stomach cancer. For some people, this type of procedure is the only treatment needed.
During this procedure, no incision is made in the skin. Instead, your surgeon inserts a flexible tube with a small camera on its end (called an endoscope) through your mouth down into your stomach. Through the endoscope, surgical tools are passed to remove all cancerous tissue and some of the normal stomach wall around it.
Gastrectomy
Gastrectomy is carried out to remove part or all of the stomach while leaving as much healthy tissue as possible. The goal of the surgery is to completely remove cancer from the stomach, as well as the nearby lymph nodes. Gastrectomy is commonly performed on those whose stomach cancer has advanced. There are two types of gastrectomy:
Subtotal (partial) gastrectomy – this type of gastrectomy is usually recommended if the cancer is located only in the lower part of the stomach. Sometimes, it is used for cancers that are located only in the upper portion of the stomach as well. Subtotal gastrectomy involves removing part of the stomach, sometimes along with the first part of the small intestine or part of the esophagus. The surgeon may also remove part of the tissue that holds your stomach in place (the omentum). How much of your stomach and other organs removed depends on the position of cancer. After the surgery, you will have a smaller stomach.
Total gastrectomy – total gastrectomy is done if cancer has spread throughout the stomach. It is also recommended if the cancer is located near the esophagus in the upper part of the stomach or in the middle of the stomach. During the surgery, your surgeon removes the entire stomach, the omentum, nearby lymph nodes, and sometimes, parts of the nearby organs (such as the esophagus, pancreas, and intestines). In order to enable you to continue swallowing and eating normally, your surgeon then attaches the esophagus to part of the small intestine.
A gastrectomy, both subtotal and total, can be performed in three ways:
Laparotomy (open surgery) involves creating a large incision in the abdomen. This procedure may be needed if your abdomen contains scar tissue from previous surgery, making creating a small incision difficult.
Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) involves making several tiny incisions in the skin above the abdomen. Through one incision, the surgeon inserts a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube with a small camera on its end). Through the other incisions, the surgeon inserts small surgical tools to perform the surgery.
Robotic-assisted surgery uses a robotic surgical tool. The surgeon operates the robot using a console displaying a magnified 3-D image of the inside of your abdomen, which has been highlighted with a special fluorescent dye.
Placement of a feeding tube
After stomach cancer surgery, some patients experience trouble taking in enough nutrition. Other treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy can make the problem even worse. To help you take in enough nutrition, your surgeon can place a tube into the intestine during gastrectomy. The end of this tube remains on the outside of the skin. Through the end of the tube, you can put liquid nutrition directly into the intestine, preventing, and treating malnutrition.
Your length of stay depends on the type of surgery you underwent. In general, you need to stay in the hospital for a few days. Plan to stay in Cambodia for at least 7 days for initial recovery and follow-up checkups.
The recovery time can vary, depending on the type of surgery and the technique your surgeon used. After endoscopic resection, many patients are able to return to work 2-3 days after surgery. For gastrectomy, it generally takes around 4 to 6 weeks until you can resume your normal routine, including work. However, if your doctor uses the laparoscopic technique, the recovery period can be shorter.
Your surgeon will give you a set of post-operative instructions that you need to follow. These include wound care and medications to take. You may need to attend regular follow-up checkups to ensure cancer has not come back.
After stomach cancer surgery, you may need to change your diet and you’re eating patterns. You need to eat smaller, more frequent meals instead of three big meals a day, particularly after total gastrectomy. Your surgeon will advise you to eat a low-carb and high-protein diet to help you feel better after eating.
The success rate for stomach cancer surgery depends on the stage of cancer and the type of stomach cancer you have. In general, surgery is very effective, particularly in the early stages of stomach cancer.
As with any major surgery, stomach cancer surgery has risks and side effects. These include bleeding, infection, and damage to nearby organs.
In many cases, surgery is necessary to treat stomach cancer, so there are no other alternatives. However, your doctor may recommend radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy instead of surgery, but it often depends on the stage of cancer you have. These types of treatments are usually needed along with surgery.
Stomach cancer can be life-threatening and cause uncomfortable symptoms. After surgery, the symptoms you felt before should be gone and the chance of your cancer spreading to other organs is reduced. In some cases, you may also be put in remission, meaning no cancer is found in your body.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Perched in the heart of Southeast Asia, nestled between Thailand and Vietnam, lies Cambodia — a dynamic blend of ancient and contemporary worlds that makes for an intriguing adventure. Dominating its list of attractions is the globally-renowned Angkor Wat, embroidered by lush jungles.
It is the soul of Cambodia — its vibrant culture, warm inhabitants, profound historical heritage, stunning coastlines, delightful cuisine, and spirited nightlife — that gives this nation its unique charm. Each element, individually fascinating and collectively harmonious, weaves a magical tapestry that is Cambodia.
Over recent years, Cambodia has strategically bolstered its healthcare infrastructure, aiming to appeal to a global patient community. In this endeavor, the country has witnessed several of its hospitals forging partnerships with institutions from close-by countries, with Thailand being a significant partner.
These strategic alliances have been key in establishing state-of-the-art healthcare facilities across Cambodia. These healthcare establishments strive to cater to a diverse array of medical needs, ensuring the delivery of world-class, professional care that meets, if not surpasses, internationally accepted standards.
Cambodia is relentlessly driving efforts to enhance its healthcare sector, with one main goal - to give patients access to top-notch medical care at costs significantly lower than those in other Southeast Asian nations, Singapore being a prime example.
This strategic approach is geared towards attracting patients from regions like Laos, Taiwan, and China. The essence of this approach is to establish Cambodia as a major healthcare destination that offers high-quality medical services, all within a budget-friendly framework that doesn’t strain patients' finances.
Phnom Penh is the capital of Cambodia, as well as the main medical tourism destination in the country. Once the ‘Pearl of Asia,’ this bustling city is now filled with bustling bars, historical architecture, vibrant café culture, a world-class food scene, and a glimmering Royal Palace.
Tourists venturing into Cambodia are invited to traverse the myriad attractions this enchanting nation has to offer. A must-visit is the National Museum of Cambodia which houses the country's extensive cultural history and art. For those who seek a deeper insight into Cambodia's past, the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum provides a poignant yet important glimpse into the darker chapters of its history. In addition, the Royal Palace stands as a testament to Cambodia's architectural grandeur, drawing admiration from visitors across the globe. Another gem to explore in Phnom Penh is the Silver Pagoda, a unique blend of tranquility and exquisite craftsmanship, making for an unforgettable experience.
Moving beyond the capital city of Phnom Penh, Siem Reap emerges as another popular destination in the Cambodian travel circuit. This city, bustling with energy and soaked in history, captures the diverse ethos of Cambodia in its vibrant art, architecture, and local life. Inclusion of Siem Reap in any Cambodian itinerary lends an additional layer of cultural depth, making the exploration of this intriguing nation an even more enticing proposition. As such, whether it's diving into the past or experiencing the dynamic present, Cambodia offers a varied palette of experiences to delve into.
It’s where the fascinating, UNESCO-listed Angkor Wat is located. Aside from Angkor Wat, Siem Reap also offers other attractions, such as the Angkor Silk Farm, Wat Bo, War Museum, and Senteurs d’Angkor Botanic Garden. Those who want to relax on a beach should visit Sihanoukville. It was once a quiet beach town, but now it has become a modern up-and-coming holiday destination.
Phnom Penh International Airport stands as the largest and most bustling airport in Cambodia. Acting as a critical transportation nexus, it facilitates both domestic and international air travel. The airport offers numerous flight connections to various cities across Asia, making it a convenient choice for international tourists. Besides being a gateway into Cambodia, it also serves as a starting point for internal travel.
For tourists looking to cover various parts within the country swiftly, opting for domestic flights is a time-efficient choice. These flights are well-linked, providing easy access to different parts of this captivating country. Despite being the fastest mode of travel, they maintain reasonable fares, ensuring that the journey is equally enjoyable as the destination.
As one navigates within the cities, there is a disparity between the modes of transportation used for intra-city and inter-city travel. While trains and buses are the preferred options for traveling between different cities due to their affordability, city-based transportation adopts a different palette altogether. For daily city commutes and quick visits to local sights, taxis, tuk-tuks, and motorbikes are the most viable options. They're not only readily available but also allow for an intimate view of Cambodian city life. This dynamic and efficient transportation network significantly enhances the convenience of exploring Cambodia's stunning expanse.
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Cambodia is blessed with a warm climate throughout the year, making it a destination for all seasons with temperatures seldom falling below 20°C. Cambodian weather is generally categorized into two primary seasons: wet and dry. The wet season, spanning from May to October, is marked by episodic showers during daytime hours, adding to the country's tropical charm.
The dry season, commencing from November and extending up to April, is typified by agreeable and sunny weather conditions, making it an ideal time for travel and exploration. However, it is worth noting that during the peak of the dry season, specifically in March, temperatures can climb up to a sweltering 35°C. Despite the somewhat extreme conditions, the resplendent beauty of the country remains undeterred, with Cambodia promising a riveting experience regardless of the season.