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A liver biopsy is a medical procedure performed to collect a small piece of liver tissue, so it can be examined closely under a microscope for signs of disease or damage. This procedure is usually carried out to detect the presence of abnormal cells in the liver, such as cancer cells. Your doctor may suggest a liver biopsy if the result of your blood tests or imaging studies shows that you might have a problem in your liver. Although biopsies are usually associated with cancer, it does not necessarily mean that you have cancer if your doctor recommends this test.
A liver biopsy is most often used to:
Identify the cause of unexplained jaundice (yellowing of the skin), persistent abnormal liver blood tests (liver enzymes), a liver abnormality found on CT scan, ultrasound, or nuclear scan, as well as unexplained enlargement of the liver
Determine the severity of the liver disease
Grade and stage hepatitis B and C
Monitor the liver after a liver transplant
Help develop the best treatment for liver damage or disease.
Laparoscopic biopsy
Laparoscopic biopsy uses a laparoscope, which is a tube-like instrument with a tiny camera attached to it, to collect the sample.
Before the laparoscopic biopsy, you will be given a general anesthetic. Your doctor will create several tiny incisions in your abdomen. The laparoscope and special surgical tools are inserted through these incisions. The camera within the laparoscope projects images on a monitor. Your doctor uses these images to guide the surgical tools to your liver to take some tissue samples. When the samples are taken, the tools are removed and the incisions are closed with stitches.
Transjugular biopsy
To start the procedure, a small numbing medication is applied to one side of your neck. Your doctor will then create a small incision at the numbed area and then inserts a thin, flexible tube through the incision into your jugular vein. The tube is then guided through the jugular vein and into the hepatic vein (the large vein in your liver). Once the tube reaches your hepatic vein, your doctor will inject a contrast dye into the tube and creates a series of X-ray images. The contrast dye will show up in the vein, which enables your doctor to clearly see the hepatic vein. Afterward, a biopsy needle is inserted through the tube to take the liver sample.
Percutaneous biopsy
Percutaneous biopsy, also known as a needle biopsy, is the most common type of liver biopsy. It involves the use of a thin needle through your abdomen and into the liver. To start the procedure, your doctor will tap your abdomen or use ultrasound images to locate your liver. Ultrasound is sometimes used to guide the needle into the liver. Your doctor will apply a numbing medication and then creates an incision near the bottom of your ribcage. The needle is then inserted through the incision and your doctor will remove a small tissue sample.
You can leave the hospital on the same day as the procedure. However, since it takes around a week until the result of your biopsy comes back from the pathology lab, plan to stay in Estonia for about 7 days. Once the result is ready, you will have to attend a follow-up appointment to discuss the results with your doctor. If everything is fine, you will be allowed to travel home afterward.
You need to take it easy and rest for at least 1 day. You should be able to resume your normal activities after a few days. However, avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for a week following your liver biopsy.
Your doctor will give you detailed aftercare instructions that you need to follow. In general, you need to avoid taking aspirin or products that contain aspirin for a week. Your doctor will prescribe pain medication to help with your discomfort, make sure to take them as directed.
A liver biopsy is a safe procedure with high success and accuracy rates. Although it is safe, there are still some possible risks and side effects that you will need to be aware of. These include:
Bleeding
Pain
Infection
Injury to a nearby organ.
A transjugular biopsy carries very rare risks of hematoma in the neck, puncture of the lung, temporary voice problems, and temporary problems with the facial nerves.
In some cases, your doctor may be able to make a diagnosis of liver disease based on physical examination, medical history, and blood testing. Doctors may also use imaging techniques as an alternative to liver biopsy. The simplest imaging technique that’s used is elastography (mostly known as FibroScan), which is similar to an ultrasound and can measure the stiffness of a liver.
Before a liver biopsy, you may experience unexplained symptoms and your doctor may not be able to make an accurate diagnosis of your problem. After the procedure, your doctor should be able to make a diagnosis and know for sure the condition of your liver. The results will allow you and your doctor to create a treatment plan.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Estonia is a country situated on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. Tourism in this country is often overlooked, but those who have visited agree that the country is filled with historical wonders and hidden attractions. Today, Estonia has become a popular medical tourism destination, with a growing number of people coming from Sweden, Finland, Norway, and the UK. Foreign patients usually come for orthopedic, weight loss, or plastic surgery. What attracts medical tourists to have their treatment in Estonia is the country’s affordable and high-quality healthcare. With skilled surgeons, excellent medical centers, and incredible vacation opportunities, it is easy to see why Estonia is becoming more and more popular. Many of the board-certified surgeons in the country continue their training abroad and the private hospitals are armed with advanced technology.
The capital of Estonia is Tallinn and it charms visitors with its lively yet peaceful vibe, UNESCO-listed Old Town, photogenic sights, ancient churches, and medieval streetscapes. The city is perfect for those looking for some relaxation and pampering as it has a number of Day Spas. In addition, Tallinn is filled with delightful food and vibrant modern culture, making it the perfect place to visit. Besides Tallinn, another popular place to visit is Tartu, which is the second-largest city in the country. As a premier university town, this city is the place where Estonian doctors and surgeons study medicine. Tartu is a very historic city and also has a vibrant nightlife.
Tallinn International Airport is the largest airport in Estonia that serves flights to and from major cities in Europe and the Middle East, such as London, Copenhagen, and Dubai. Getting around Estonia can be done by bus or train. While the rail network is limited and affordable, buses are fast and efficient. Big cities in the country have an efficient public transportation system and taxis are widely available. It is also worth pointing out that the whole country is bicycle-friendly.
Since Estonia is a member state of the Schengen Area, holders of passports from 62 countries, including the US, the UAE, Japan, and Australia can enter without a visa for up to 90 days. Other countries not listed in the visa waiver agreement need to apply for a Schengen visa to enter.
The summer months of June to August have the highest temperatures, with sunny and long daylight days. Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to October) is a great time to visit the country as the weather is very pleasant. Winter, from November to February, can be freezing as the temperatures plummet and the snow starts to fall. The weather in this country is very changeable.