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A lung biopsy is a procedure that involves removing a very small sample of lung tissue to be examined under a microscope for signs of disease. Your doctor may ask you to have a lung biopsy if something out of the ordinary is spotted on your chest X-ray or CT scan. The goal of this procedure is to create an accurate diagnosis.
A lung biopsy can be used to:
Determine whether a lung muss is benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
Stage lung cancer
Identify the cause of inflammation in the lung
Monitor the progression of lung disease
Investigate the cause of unexplained fluid collection
Diagnose a lung infection.
There may be other reasons for your doctor to recommend a lung biopsy.
There are several types of lung biopsy. The type of biopsy performed depends on various factors, such as the type of lung problem, the location of the lesion, and your overall health.
Lung Needle Biopsy (Transthoracic Biopsy)
Lung needle biopsy is typically performed when abnormal tissue has developed near the chest wall. This type of lung biopsy uses a needle that is guided through the chest wall into the suspect area with fluoroscopy (a special type of X-Ray) or computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) to take a small tissue sample from the outer area of the lungs. The needle is usually placed through your chest between two ribs.
During a lung needle biopsy, you will be given a local anesthetic. This means that you will be awake but the affected area will be numbed. A sedative may also be given to help you relax.
Transbronchial Biopsy (Bronchoscopy)
Transbronchial biopsy uses a flexible tube that has a close-focusing telescope on the end for viewing called a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The tube is inserted into your lungs through the nose or mouth. Your doctor may take an X-ray in order to figure out the right spot to do the biopsy.
Numbing medication will be sprayed to the affected area, so you will be awake throughout the procedure. However, you may be given medication through an IV to help you relax. This type of biopsy is done to collect a sample of your lung tissue that is close to the airway.
Thoracoscopic Biopsy (Thoracoscopy)
During this type of lung biopsy, you will be given general anesthesia, your doctor will create three small incisions on your chest between the ribs. Then, a thin, lighted tube with a camera on its end (called an endoscope) is inserted through the incision. Various types of biopsy tools can be inserted through the endoscope to take lung tissue for examination.
Also known as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), this type of lung biopsy checks problems on the outside of your lungs.
Open Lung Biopsy (Limited Thoracotomy)
Open lung biopsy is usually suggested when other methods cannot get cell samples. During this procedure, you will be given a general anesthetic. Your doctor then creates an incision in the skin on your chest and a piece of lung tissue is removed surgically.
If a local anesthetic is used, you should be able to leave the hospital on the same day. For general anesthetic, you may need to stay in the hospital overnight. Since you need to attend a follow-up appointment to discuss the results of the biopsy, it is advisable that you stay in Guatemala for about a week.
You will need to take it easy and rest as much as possible for a day or two after lung biopsy. It is important that you avoid strenuous activity for a week. If you have an open biopsy, the recovery time until you can resume your activity may take longer.
Your chest may feel sore for several days and you may need some pain medication to manage your discomfort. Make sure that you only take pain medication that your doctor prescribes since some pain medications, such as aspirin and NSAIDs, increase your risk of bleeding. If you have a wound from the lung biopsy, always follow your doctor’s instructions to clean it.
Lung biopsy is a safe procedure with a high success and accuracy rates. It is reported that percutaneous transthoracic lung needle biopsy has a success rate of 88 to 97%. However, the procedure does carry some risk. These include bleeding, coughing up blood, infection, and collapsed lung.
Lung biopsy is the only procedure that can provide a definite diagnosis of lung cancer. In some cases, your doctor may suggest imaging tests, such as an X-ray or a CT scan. However, even after these tests, your doctor may still ask you to undergo a lung biopsy.
Before you undergo lung biopsy, you and your doctor may not know for sure what is causing your symptoms. Your doctor may also find abnormalities in your chest that they cannot identify. After the procedure, your doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. The results of the biopsy will help you and your doctor create a management or treatment plan for your condition.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Guatemala is a country in Central America and its territory was once the core of the Maya Civilization. There are numerous historical sites to explore in this country, from Tikal National Park where visitors can learn more about the Maya to the colonial city of Antigua, which is one of the many footprints the Spanish left behind. However, there are other charms as well, such as the many amazing volcanoes, lakes, jungles, and inexpensive food markets. Besides its natural beauty and ancient ruins, Guatemala is also popular among international tourists for its medical tourism. Foreign patients who are looking for a more cost-effective solution for their medical requirements choose Guatemala because the country offers the finest quality healthcare at reasonable rates. On average, medical procedures in this country are 50 to 75% less expensive than in the US. Furthermore, the standard and quality of the hospitals and clinics in this country are on par with those in the USA.
The most popular city in Guatemala is Antigua, which was the capital of Guatemala. Located in the central highlands of the country, between three volcanoes, this city is mainly known for its preserved Spanish Baroque-influenced architecture. From its churches, houses, ruins, parks, to its cobbled streets, the city will never cease to captivate visitors. Visit the Plaza Mayor (central square) to admire its awesome palaces, cathedral, and gardens. While most travelers used to skip Guatemala City, the capital of the country, more and more travelers are coming to the city as it reinvents itself as a safe and interesting destination to visit. Another popular city is Panajachel, which is the gateway to the striking Lago de Atitlán.
The primary airport in Guatemala is La Aurora International Airport, which operates international flights to and from several cities in North and Central America, such as Los Angeles, New York, Mexico City, and San Salvador. Low-cost airlines, including JetBlue and Volaris, serve flights from this airport. The most common way to travel around the country is by pull man (first-class buses+, rental cars, and “chicken bus” (second-class buses). To travel inside cities and towns, taxis and three-wheeled Thai tuk-tuks are widely available.
Holders of passports of 86 countries, including all EU countries, the US, and the UK, are allowed to visit Guatemala for up to 90 days. Other nationals, including China and Nepal, need to apply for a visa to be able to visit the country.
Guatemala has two seasons. The rainy season stretches from May through October, with the majority of rain falling between September and October. The dry season extends from November to April, characterized by clear, blue skies. Note that coastal areas can be very humid.