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A lung biopsy is a procedure that involves removing a very small sample of lung tissue to be examined under a microscope for signs of disease. Your doctor may ask you to have a lung biopsy if something out of the ordinary is spotted on your chest X-ray or CT scan. The goal of this procedure is to create an accurate diagnosis.
A lung biopsy can be used to:
Determine whether a lung muss is benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
Stage lung cancer
Identify the cause of inflammation in the lung
Monitor the progression of lung disease
Investigate the cause of unexplained fluid collection
Diagnose a lung infection.
There may be other reasons for your doctor to recommend a lung biopsy.
There are several types of lung biopsy. The type of biopsy performed depends on various factors, such as the type of lung problem, the location of the lesion, and your overall health.
Lung Needle Biopsy (Transthoracic Biopsy)
Lung needle biopsy is typically performed when abnormal tissue has developed near the chest wall. This type of lung biopsy uses a needle that is guided through the chest wall into the suspect area with fluoroscopy (a special type of X-Ray) or computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) to take a small tissue sample from the outer area of the lungs. The needle is usually placed through your chest between two ribs.
During a lung needle biopsy, you will be given a local anesthetic. This means that you will be awake but the affected area will be numbed. A sedative may also be given to help you relax.
Transbronchial Biopsy (Bronchoscopy)
Transbronchial biopsy uses a flexible tube that has a close-focusing telescope on the end for viewing called a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The tube is inserted into your lungs through the nose or mouth. Your doctor may take an X-ray in order to figure out the right spot to do the biopsy.
Numbing medication will be sprayed to the affected area, so you will be awake throughout the procedure. However, you may be given medication through an IV to help you relax. This type of biopsy is done to collect a sample of your lung tissue that is close to the airway.
Thoracoscopic Biopsy (Thoracoscopy)
During this type of lung biopsy, you will be given general anesthesia, your doctor will create three small incisions on your chest between the ribs. Then, a thin, lighted tube with a camera on its end (called an endoscope) is inserted through the incision. Various types of biopsy tools can be inserted through the endoscope to take lung tissue for examination.
Also known as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), this type of lung biopsy checks problems on the outside of your lungs.
Open Lung Biopsy (Limited Thoracotomy)
Open lung biopsy is usually suggested when other methods cannot get cell samples. During this procedure, you will be given a general anesthetic. Your doctor then creates an incision in the skin on your chest and a piece of lung tissue is removed surgically.
If a local anesthetic is used, you should be able to leave the hospital on the same day. For general anesthetic, you may need to stay in the hospital overnight. Since you need to attend a follow-up appointment to discuss the results of the biopsy, it is advisable that you stay in Panama for about a week.
You will need to take it easy and rest as much as possible for a day or two after lung biopsy. It is important that you avoid strenuous activity for a week. If you have an open biopsy, the recovery time until you can resume your activity may take longer.
Your chest may feel sore for several days and you may need some pain medication to manage your discomfort. Make sure that you only take pain medication that your doctor prescribes since some pain medications, such as aspirin and NSAIDs, increase your risk of bleeding. If you have a wound from the lung biopsy, always follow your doctor’s instructions to clean it.
Lung biopsy is a safe procedure with a high success and accuracy rates. It is reported that percutaneous transthoracic lung needle biopsy has a success rate of 88 to 97%. However, the procedure does carry some risk. These include bleeding, coughing up blood, infection, and collapsed lung.
Lung biopsy is the only procedure that can provide a definite diagnosis of lung cancer. In some cases, your doctor may suggest imaging tests, such as an X-ray or a CT scan. However, even after these tests, your doctor may still ask you to undergo a lung biopsy.
Before you undergo lung biopsy, you and your doctor may not know for sure what is causing your symptoms. Your doctor may also find abnormalities in your chest that they cannot identify. After the procedure, your doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. The results of the biopsy will help you and your doctor create a management or treatment plan for your condition.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Situated as a transcontinental entity, the Republic of Panama straddles the geographic crossroads of Central and South America. The inception of the Panama Canal in 1914 propelled this country into an integral position as a nexus between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Those who are drawn to visit this radiant country find themselves ensnared in a mesmerizing display of cerulean seas, diverse fauna, deserted islands, bountiful coffee farms, and awe-inspiring rainforests.
The Republic of Panama unites the corners of the world, bridging the two American continents as a vibrant transcontinental nation. The construction of the Panama Canal in 1914 marked a turning point, positioning the nation as a crucial crossroad - connecting the vast expanse of Caribbean waters with the Pacific. The travelers who venture into this country discover an array of rewards awaiting them. The breathtaking beauty of sparkling blue waters, a plethora of enthralling wildlife, desolate islands that evoke an air of tranquility, sprawling coffee plantations, and the awe-striking charm of lush rainforests contribute to the diverse and enticing experiences that Panama has to offer.
Over the past several years, the Republic of Panama is steadily gaining renown as a preferred medical tourism hotspot for myriad individuals across Europe and the United States. The medical professionals operating within the country receive their robust education and accreditation from the United States, thus ensuring their expertise extends to the vanguard of their respective fields. The blend of these proficient doctors and superb medical infrastructure, combined with reasonable pricing on a wide range of medical practices, contributes to Panama's appeal for healthcare needs. Whether one seeks remedial treatments or desires elective cosmetic surgery, there are an ample array of high-quality, cost-effective services available in this picturesque country.
In the recent panorama, Panama has noticed a swift surge in its recognition as a prime choice for medical tourism, attracting numerous Europeans and Americans to its shores. Professionally trained and certified in the United States, the doctors in Panama stand at the forefront of their respective medical fields. Contributing to its desirability as a medical tourism hub is the high-quality care provided by these adept medical practitioners, alongside state-of-the-art healthcare facilities. The affordability of medical procedures in Panama further heightens its appeal. From treatments aimed at correcting medical conditions to elective cosmetic surgeries, the striking beauty of Panama, coupled with its comprehensive and affordable healthcare solutions, makes it an ideal medical destination for individuals worldwide.
Known as the most cosmopolitan capital within the region of Central America, Panama City opens the door to a multitude of tropical getaways while donning the hat of a bustling metropolis. Serving as a focal point for trade and immigration within the region, Panama City represents a vibrant blend of diverse cultures; a veritable melting pot where different backgrounds meet and meld.
Being the epitome of cosmopolitan magnificence in Central America, Panama City beams as the gateway to a spectrum of tropical retreats and simultaneously thrives as a bustling urban settlement. It stands as a central hotspot for regional trade and immigration practices, thereby birthing a profusion of cultures. This city, with its diverse cultural influences, serves as a sophisticated melting pot, crafting a harmonious blend of a myriad of cultures.
Some of the more popular tourist attractions are Teatro Nacional, Panamá Viejo, Donde José, and Parque Natural Metropolitano. Although the capital attracts thousands of tourists each year, the most popular destination is Bocas del Toro. Combining a laid-back Caribbean vibe with the incredible natural setting of forests, jungles, and mangrove, this seaside town is where adventure and relaxation meet. Surfing and snorkeling are extremely popular in this town. However, the real talking point is relaxing in a secluded cove which can only be reached by water taxis.
The primary international portal into Panama is the Tocumen International Airport, serving as a critical regional hub for flights moving in and out of The Caribbean, as well as North, South, and Central America. Additionally, it accommodates flights from select cities across Asia and Europe. For intra-country travel, domestic flights are the quickest mode of transport; however, the speed comes with a higher price tag.
Road travel presents a more economical alternative, with buses being the most widely used and cost-effective means of transportation across the country. Within the confines of major cities, taxis are readily available for residents and tourists alike.
Tocumen International Airport is the premier international aerial gateway into Panama. This airport stands as a regional transport hub, connecting Panama with destinations across the Caribbean, North, South, and Central America — even heralding flights from certain European and Asian cities. To journey within Panama, domestic flights offer the quickest, albeit pricier, option. For those prioritizing affordability over speed, buses provide a popular and budget-friendly choice.
Further adding to the transportation options in Panama is the accessibility of taxi services. For those traversing within the major urban areas of the country, taxi services make intra-city travel a breeze. These easily available taxis contribute significantly to the efficiency of short distance commutes.
Additionally, getting around within the key city areas in this country is seamless thanks to the taxi services. For intra-city commutes in Panama's principal urban centers, taxis stand as a thoroughly accessible choice for transportation, simplifying movement within the cityscape.
Panama allows citizens of most countries, including all EU citizens and Americans, to visit the country without a visa for 180 days. Some other countries, such as China and the Philippines, need a visa to visit the country. All visitors need to hold a passport valid for at least 6 months.
Citizens of over 100 countries, including all EU nations and the United States, can visit Panama without a visa for up to 180 days.
Nationals of countries not included in the visa-exemption list need to apply for a visa before traveling to Panama.
All visitors must have a valid passport with at least six months remaining validity from the date of entry.
Proof of onward travel may be requested upon arrival.
Situated comfortably within the tropics, Panama's climate is characterized by distinctive wet and dry seasonal variations. Spanning from mid-March through to December, the wet season tends to bring rainfall every alternate day. However, the showers are typically brief and they mainly occur during afternoon hours, but this season also tends to be quite humid. On the other hand, the dry season extends from December until March. Throughout this time frame, the likelihood of witnessing rainfall dramatically decreases, resulting in overall drier conditions.
Given its tropical location, Panama experiences two distinct seasons: the wet and the dry. Commencing in mid-March and continuing until December, the wet season brings periodic rainfall, which typically occurs in short, intense bursts during the afternoon. However, tourists should remember that humidity levels can peak during this time. Conversely, the dry season, which stretches from December through March, ushers in a period of minimal rainfall, offering a drier climate.