Neurology in Incheon

Neurology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. The nervous system is a complex and sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates our body activities. It is divided into two major parts:

• The central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord
• The peripheral nervous system: all nerves branching out from the brain and spinal cord, and extend to other parts of the body, including organs and muscles.

Since the nervous system is complex, there are numerous subspecialties within the field of neurology, including:

• Neurodevelopmental disabilities
• Pediatric or child neurology
• Neuromuscular medicine
• Pain medicine
• Hospice and palliative care neurology
• Headache medicine
• Vascular Neurology (stroke care)
• Sleep medicine
• Autonomic disorders
• Brain injury medicine
• Neuropsychiatry
• Epilepsy
• Neurointensive care

A doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the nervous system is called a neurologist. Symptoms that often require a neurologist help may include coordination problems, muscle weakness, confusion, dizziness, and a change in sensation. People who are having problems with their senses, such as vision, touch, or smell, may also require to see a neurologist since problems with senses are sometimes caused by disorders of the nervous system.

A neurologist may also treat patients with:

• Stroke
• Seizure disorders, such as epilepsy
• Migraines and headaches
• Brain aneurysms
• Brain tumors
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Multiple sclerosis
• Infections of the nervous systems, such as meningitis, encephalitis, or brain abscesses
• Neuromuscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis
• Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Lou Gehrig’s disease
• Sleep disorders
• Spinal cord disorders, such as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders
• Speech and language disorders

Keep in mind that neurologist does not perform surgery. If you need surgery, you will be referred to a neurosurgeon.

What does Neurology Involve?

A wide variety of different tests and procedures are used to diagnose and treat neurological conditions. On your first appointment with a neurologist, a physical and neurological exam is likely to be performed. A neurological exam is done to test muscle strength, coordination, and reflexes.

Because different diseases can have similar symptoms, more than one testing may be required for your neurologist to make a diagnosis.

Some of the procedures that fall into the field of neurology may include:

Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) is used to measure how well your muscles react to electrical stimulation from motor neurons, which are specific nerves controlling muscle movement. It can help neurologists diagnose general muscle or nerve dysfunction, as well as spinal cord disease.

During an EMG, small needles called electrodes are inserted into the muscle by a specially trained technician. The electrodes can measure the different electrical activity occurring in muscle tissue during periods of movement and rest.

Electroencephalogram

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is performed to assess and record electrical activity in your brain. Neurons in our brain communicate with other neurons through electrical impulses, which an EEG can record. Brain wave patterns can also be tracked by an EEG. It is used to help diagnose conditions of the brain, including tumors, inflammation, injuries, as well as psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and seizures.

During an EEG, electrodes are placed on your head. The electrodes are connected to a computer, which converts electrical signals into patterns that can be seen from a screen or printed on a piece of paper.

Lumbar puncture

Lumbar puncture is done to test your spinal fluid. It involves inserting a needle into your spine after numbing it with an anesthetic. Using the needle, a sample of your spinal fluid is taken.

A lumbar puncture can help diagnose the following conditions:

• Meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Leukemia
• Myelitis
• Dementia
• Autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Bleeding in the brain

The procedure can also be used to treat conditions affecting the spinal cord. Your neurologist may inject anesthetics, cancer treatments, or antibiotics using a lumbar puncture needle.

Tensilon test

To help diagnose myasthenia gravis, your neurologist may perform a tensilon test. It involves the injection of a medicine called Tensilon. Then, your neurologist observes how medicine affects your muscle movements.

Sleep study

Chronic sleep problems are diagnosed in a Sleep Study. Also known as a Polysomnogram (PSG), this procedure involves monitoring patients during sleep and physiological data is recorded electronically.

Other tests

Other types of tests may be used by your neurologist to make a diagnosis. These may include:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan)
• Computed tomography (CT scan)
• Positron emission tomography (PET scan)
• Biopsy
• Genetic testing
• Angiography

Botox injections

Botox injections can be done to treat some neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy, that can cause your limbs to pull in toward your center. Sometimes, these contracted muscles can be relaxed with Botox injections.

Botox injections involve injecting tiny amounts of botulinum toxin into your skin of muscles using a thin needle.

Brain tumor treatment

A range of treatments can be done to treat a brain tumor. If your neurologist believes that you need surgery, you will be referred to a neurosurgeon who will remove as much of the brain tumor as possible through surgery.

A brain tumor may also be treated with radiation therapy, which uses high-energy beams to kill tumor cells.

Brain tumor treatment may be integrated between the departments of neurology and oncology.

Brain rehabilitation therapy

Brain rehabilitation therapy is used to help you relearn functions that are lost as a result of a brain injury. Brain rehabilitation therapy is usually integrated between specialty teams in the departments of neurology, sports medicine, psychiatry and psychology, neuroradiology, and the vestibular/balance laboratory.

Deep brain stimulation

During deep brain stimulation, electrodes are implanted within certain areas of the brain. The electrodes generate electrical impulses that can regulate abnormal impulses. These electrical impulses may also affect certain chemicals and cells within the brain.

Deep brain stimulation can be done to treat numerous conditions, including dystonia, essential tremor, epilepsy, and Parkinson’s disease. It is also being studied as a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis and stroke recovery.

Spinal stenosis treatment

Spinal stenosis is a condition that occurs when the spinal canal narrows and pinches the nerves, leading to back and leg pain. Spinal stenosis may be treated with pain medications, physical therapy, steroid injections, decompression procedure, or surgery. Surgery is usually performed if other treatments have not helped.

How Long Should I Stay in Incheon?

Your length of stay depends on the type of procedure you have, you may be allowed to leave the hospital on the same day or you will stay for several days. For diagnostic procedures, you should be allowed to leave the hospital on the same day. However, you should wait until the results of the test are ready before you can fly home, which may take as long as 7 days, sometimes even longer. If you undergo brain tumor treatments or other types of treatment, especially treatments that involve surgical intervention, you should aim to stay in Incheon at least for 10 days.

What's the Recovery Time?

The recovery time can be different for each procedure. It may also depend on the reason why you are having the procedure and your overall health. Your neurologist and neurosurgeon will give you a recovery timeline for each procedure. The recovery period for diagnostic procedures is typically short and you may be able to resume your normal activities within a week or so. For surgical procedures, you may need to wait 4 weeks or months until you can go back to your daily routine, including work and exercise.

What About Aftercare?

A detailed aftercare instruction will be given to you following your procedure. While the instructions will be different for each procedure, they typically include a diet plan, exercise, restrictions, and wound care (if any surgical intervention is involved). You should follow these instructions carefully in order to have a speedy and smooth recovery.

You may also need to attend follow-up checkups to monitor your overall condition and healing. For brain tumors, you may need to attend regular checkups to ensure the tumor has not come back.

What's the Success Rate?

The field of neurology is constantly advancing. The success rate of each procedure is typically high, particularly when performed by highly skilled and experienced medical professionals. Still, some procedures may carry some risks, such as bleeding, infection, and nerve injury.

Are there Alternatives to Neurology?

Since neurology is the branch of medicine to diagnose and treat problems of the nervous system, there are no other alternatives. However, if your doctor found that your disease or illness is found to be caused by other problems unrelated to the nervous system, your doctor will recommend you to see the relevant doctor.

Neurology in and around Incheon

About Incheon

Incheon is a bustling metropolis located 36km west of Seoul. With about 3 million people living in the city, Incheon is the third most populous city in South Korea. The city is the heart of the Capital Industrial Region and is a major international transport hub for South Korea. Tourists will find historic attractions that date back nearly 5.000 years, gastronomic scenes, fairytale wonderland, picturesque islands, as well as high-tech medical institutions.

Medical tourism has become one of the biggest businesses in Incheon and is supported by the government. In December 2018, the government opened the Medical Tourism Support Center at Incheon International Airport. The center helps medical tourists to conveniently book medical procedures upon landing in South Korea. Medical consultants and nurses who can speak various languages will provide medical consulting services and information regarding medical tourism.

Domestic and International tourists usually come to Incheon for cosmetic surgery (especially for those who are interested in K-beauty), cosmetic dentistry, and health improvement. Incheon’s medical tourism attracts medical tourists for the following reason:

• Hospitals and medical facilities equipped with high-tech medical devices.
• Outstanding doctors and medical practitioners to ensure excellent service and care.
• Cost-effective and high-quality healthcare.

Popular Areas in Incheon

Incheon is steeped in history. Tourists can visit Walmido, a notable site that served as Incheon Landing Operations during the Korean War. Wolmi Theme Park had transformed Walmido into the best spot to have fun. Jayu Park is also known as the ‘Park of Freedom’ and has a General MacArthur statue as the centerpiece. The park offers a fantastic view of its surrounding mountains, downtown Incheon, the port, and the sea. Incheon’s China Town is said to be the best China Town in South Korea with its museum, galleries, and green spaces.

One of Korea’s favorite dishes, Jjajangmyeon, was created in Incheon. Learn more about the history and influence of black soybean noodles in the Jjangmyeon museum, or try them in the best Jjangmyeon restaurant in the world: Goghwachun.

Incheon is home to small, beautiful islands that offer a wonderful escape from the metropolitan city. One of the most popular islands is Muuido. The island has two main beaches: Silmi Beach and Hanage Beach. Both are equally pretty and equipped with seafood restaurants and camping facilities.

Weather and Climate in Incheon

Incheon has four distinct seasons.

• Spring starts from April to June, the city will be full of pink cherry blossoms. Tourists can expect mostly sunny days in spring, making it a popular time of the year to visit Incheon.
• Summer falls between late June and August; the temperature is generally warm with an average of 20 - 29°C but it often rains during summer.
• Autumn has a mild temperature around 11-25°C, the city will be colorful as the autumn leaves start to bloom.
• Winter falls between December and March.

Getting Around in Incheon

Incheon International Airport is the largest airport in South Korea and one of the busiest airports in the world. It is rated as the best airport worldwide and cleanest airport in the world. The airport serves domestic and international flights. The Airport connects South Korea with almost every other country in the world. Major airlines, as well as budget airlines such as Eastar Jet, AirAsia X, and VietJet Air,  operates flights from this airport.

To get to the city center from Incheon International Airport, tourists can take a taxi, a bus. Taxis use meters and the base fare is 3.800KRW, there’s an additional 20% late-night charge from 0.00 am – 04.00 am. Tourists are advised to catch taxis in the designated taxi stop to avoid third-party companies who pretend to be taxis and charge unfairly.

There are several ways to get around in Incheon. Subway is the fastest option to get around, the subway lines will take visitors to major districts in the city. Fares start at 900KRW; tourists can purchase transportation card at the automated machines in the subway station or convenience stores.

Buses are also a great option. The routes run through almost every neighborhood in Incheon. The green buses will take passengers around the local neighborhood; blue buses will take passengers district to district. Green/White buses and Red buses are for long-distance travel, they will take passengers to Buncheon and Seoul. The fares range from 800KRW to 2.500KRW, pay with exact change, or use a transportation card that can be purchased from convenience stores.

The best way to get around if you need flexibility is by taxis. The base fare is 2.600KRW and will increase with the distance. Note that taxi drivers usually don’t speak English.

Tourist Visas in Incheon

Foreign citizens of 107 countries do not require a visa to enter South Korea for 180, 90, 60, and 30 days depending on the country. Citizens of other countries need to apply and obtain a visa before visiting South Korea.

To apply for a visa, South Korea provides an electronic visa application through Korea Visa Portal or you can go to the embassies or consulates of South Korea in your country.

Additional Information

1. Local Currency: The currency in South Korea is Korean Won (KRW). 1USD converts to 1149.00KRW.
2. Money & Payments: Tourists can withdraw money from the ATMs with a ‘Global’ sign. Credit cards are widely accepted in the city but small restaurants and stalls only accept cash. Make sure to always carry some cash. Tourists can exchange most of the major currencies to KRW in banks and moneychangers. Tipping is generally not expected so tourists do not need to tip.
3. Local Language: Korean and Korean Sign Language are the official languages of South Korea. The script is written in Hangul. Most store and hotel employees in the city know some English. All airports and train station signs are written in Hangul as well as English. Major tourists’ attraction typically has English signs.
4. Local Culture and Religion: 50.1% of Incheon’s population is not religious although there are some major religions in Incheon including Christianity and Buddhism. Buddhism is an old religion that has been practiced in South Korea for a long time, but more people in Incheon follows Christianity.
5. Public Holidays: Incheon follows the Gregorian calendar. The city hosts Pentaport Rock Festival, an annual music festival that takes place around August.