Oncology in Metro Manila

Oncology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the research, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating people with cancer is called an oncologist.

An oncologist can design a treatment plan based on detailed pathology reports that shows the type of cancer the patient has, how much cancer has developed, how fast the cancer is likely to spread, and what parts of the patient's body are involved.

The field of oncology has three main areas, which include:

• Medical oncologists use chemotherapy, hormonal therapies, and other types of targeted treatments to treat cancer. Most people think of medical oncologist as their primary cancer doctor. Medical oncologists help monitor and maintain patients' well-being, as well as helping patients manage side effects. Often patients follow up with their medical oncologist once their treatment is complete.
• Surgical oncologists perform the surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue. They will help patients prepare for and recover from any surgical procedure they undergo during their cancer treatment. If your primary doctor suspects that you have cancer, a surgical oncologist is likely one of the first doctors you see. Surgical oncologists can perform biopsies, which involves removing a small tissue sample to be checked for cancer cells.
• Radiation oncologists treat cancer using radiation therapy. They use high-energy photon beams to target and destroy cancer cells. Approximately one-half of all cancer patients will undergo radiation treatment during their cancer care.

Because most cancers are treated with a combination of therapies, you could see two or all three different oncologists during the course of your treatment.

Besides the three main areas, there are also several other areas of oncology. These include:

• Pediatric oncologists diagnose and treat cancer in children. Some types of cancer appear more often in children and teenagers, such as leukemia, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma. Some pediatric oncologists focus on conducting research on childhood cancers, while others specialize in certain types of cancer.
• Gynecologic oncologists treat cancers that affect women, such as cancer of the ovary, cervix, uterus, vagina, and vulva. Additionally, they also treat complicated gynecological conditions that are not cancerous, such as fibroid tumors and endometriosis.
• Hematologist-oncologists diagnoses and treats blood cancers, such as lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. They may also specialize in the management of solid tumors.

Oncologists usually work with a variety of other medical professionals, including pathologists, diagnostic radiologists, oncology nurses, and oncology social workers. They may also work with doctors from other areas of medicine, such as neurologists, dermatologists, or urologists.

What does Oncology Involve?

There are many types of procedures to treat cancer. The types of procedures that you receive will depend on the type of cancer you have and how advanced it is. Some people who have cancer will only have one treatment. However, most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Below are the types of procedures to treat cancer:

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells in the body and prevent them from growing. The drugs can prevent cell division, target the food source of the cancer cells’ (the hormones and enzymes the cells need to grow), and trigger apoptosis (a process in which cancer cells kill themselves).

• Chemotherapy drugs can be given in several different ways, including.
• Oral – taken in a pill or capsule form.
• Intravenously – through an infusion into a vein.
• Shots – injected with a needle.
• Topical – applying creams or gels into the skin. This type is used to treat certain types of skin cancer.

Chemotherapy drugs can also be given directly to cancer or directly to an area of the body, such as the abdomen or central nervous system.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy, or biologic therapy, boosts your body’s natural defenses to fight cancer. It uses substances made by your own body, or in a laboratory, to improve or restore your immune system function. It can stop cancer from spreading to other parts of the body, stop or slow the growth of cancer cells, and help your immune system work better at destroying cancer cells.

There are several types of immunotherapy to treat cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell transfer therapy, monoclonal antibodies, treatment vaccines, and immune system modulators. Different types of immunotherapy may be given in different ways, such as intravenous (IV), oral, intravesical (directly into the bladder), or topical.

Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy uses drugs that are designed to specifically “target” cancer cells without affecting normal cells. It targets the cancer’s specific proteins, genes, or other tissue environment contributing to cancer survival and growth. These proteins and genes are found in cancer cells or in cells related to cancer growth.

The targeted drugs can block or turn off chemical signals that tell cancer cells when to divide and grow, stop making new blood vessels that feed cancer cells, change proteins within the cancer cells so the cells die, trigger the immune system to kill cancer cells, and carry toxins in the cancer cells to kill them.

• There are two types of targeted therapy:
• Small-molecule drugs, which is given through pills or capsules that you swallow
• Monoclonal antibodies, which are given through a needle in a blood vein.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses intense energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It most often uses X-rays, but other types of energy, such as protons may also be used.

Radiation therapy can be done in two ways:

• External-beam radiation therapy – this type of radiation therapy delivers radiation from a machine outside the body. You will lie on a table, and the machine (called a linear accelerator) moves around you to deliver radiation from several different angles. It is a quick and painless procedure.
• Internal radiation therapy – also called brachytherapy, involves both temporary and permanent placement of radioactive sources in the body. During the placement of the radioactive sources, you will be given anesthesia.

Hormone therapy

Hormone therapy stops or slows the growth of cancer that uses hormones to grow. It works by blocking your body’s ability to produce hormones or interfere with how hormones behave in your body. It can reduce the chance that cancer will return by stopping or slowing its growth, as well as preventing or reducing symptoms in men with prostate cancer.

Hormone therapy is usually used to treat breast and prostate cancer. It can be taken in many ways, including orally, through an injection, and surgery.

Stem Cell Transplant

People whose blood-forming stem cells are damaged by the very high doses of radiation therapy or chemotherapy can undergo stem cell transplant to restore the cells. Blood-forming stem cells are vital since they grow into different types of blood cells that you need to be healthy. The stem cells will be given to you through an IV catheter. The process is very much like receiving a blood transfusion.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment for cancer is a procedure to remove cancer from your body. There are many types of surgeries to treat cancer, which differ based on the part of the body that requires surgery, the purpose of the surgery, the amount of tissue to be removed, and your preference. In general, the surgery can be open or minimally invasive.

• During open surgery, one large incision is made to remove the tumor, some healthy tissue, and some nearby lymph nodes.
• During minimally invasive surgery, a few tiny incisions are made instead of a large one. These incisions are made to insert a laparoscope (a long, thin tube with a camera on its end) and special surgical tools. The laparoscope allows your surgeon to see the inside of the body, and the surgical tools are used to remove the tumor and some healthy tissue.

How Long Should I Stay in Metro Manila?

For chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, the treatment schedule may vary. You may have treatment every day, week, or month. It may also be given in a cycle, which is a period of treatment followed by a period of rest to give your body a chance to recover. For surgical treatment, you may need to stay in the hospital for a few days, and you need to stay in Metro Manila for at least 10 to 14 days. Your oncologist and/or medical tourism team will advise you on the length of stay in Metro Manila.

What's the Recovery Time?

The type of procedure you undergo determines the recovery period. While you may be able to get back to your normal routine within 10 days after laparoscopic surgery, you may need to wait around 6 weeks to fully recover from open surgery. Your oncologist will give you a detailed recovery timeline.

What About Aftercare?

You will be given instructions on how to take care of yourself. Your surgeon or nurse will explain how to control your pain, how to take care of your wound, activities you can and cannot do, and how to spot signs of infections. You may also need to talk to a dietitian to help with eating problems caused by the treatment. You will need to attend follow-up checkups to monitor your condition.

What's the Success Rate?

Cancer survival has improved significantly due to constant advancement and improvements in the field of oncology, including improvement in treatments and screening (allowing for earlier diagnosis). Still, you need to be aware of the risks, such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and hair loss.

Are there Alternatives to Oncology?

There is no other alternative than to see an oncologist when it comes to cancer treatments. Some people may choose to undergo meditation, hypnosis, and acupuncture as well, usually to relieve the stress, anxiety, and pain that cancer can bring.

Oncology in and around Metro Manila

About Manila

Manila is the capital of the Philippines and is divided into 16 districts; it is one of the densest and populated cities of the world. Each district has its own history and cultural legacy. The city was under the rule of Spanish conquerors for almost three centuries. You can see the remains of that era in the ruins of the historical buildings. Today, the City is very modern with tall skyscrapers and modern architecture.

The Philippines is developing into one of the top countries in the world for medical tourism. Approximately 15 million people globally travel to other countries in search of quality medical care at affordable prices. Manila is a favorite destination due to the following reasons:

• It provides state-of-the-art procedures at affordable prices.
• With excellent infrastructure, the City can handle the large numbers of foreigners who visit Manila.
• The Hospital and clinic staff are very competent, friendly, and educated and have a good knowledge of English to communicate with their patients.  
• The doctors are very well-qualified and hold international certifications.
• The city has a reputation in providing excellent post-surgical care by the nurses and physiotherapists.
• The Medical Industry provides many alternative therapies at some of the best spa resorts. You can combine a surgical procedure with alternative healing therapies at the same time.

Popular Areas in Manila

Manila Bay has many tourist spots and you will find many monuments that depict the Spanish occupation of the country. There are many Baroque Colonial Churches that will enable you to appreciate the artistic designs.

The National Museum of the Philippines, Bahay Chinoy, the National Art Gallery, and the Metropolitan Museum of Manila are some of the popular museums that you must visit in Manila. Rizal Park also known as Luneta is a historical urban park that is worth visiting.

There are also many organized tours that can help you get the best out of your sightseeing, for example, the Intramuros Tour, Rizal Park Tour, or the Skyscraper Gazing Tour and more.

Manila is a very modern contemporary city as the historical buildings have been replaced by modern architecture with better planning and layout and the buildings are earthquake resistant.

The city has many cultural and religious festivals throughout the year. There are plenty of shops, both big and small where you can buy branded goods at affordable prices.

Weather and Climate in Manila

The Philippines is a tropical country and in Manila, you will not experience too much temperature variations. January is the coolest month while May is the warmest month. The average temperature remains between 14°C and 38°C. The rainy season is between May and November. The rest of the months are dry. Manila is a humid city and bad weather such as Typhoons may occur during the months of June and September.

Getting around in Manila

People traveling from nearby countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia can use the City’s sea entry points. For all other passengers, the best option is to take the air route.

The Ninoy Aquino International Airport is the City’s major international airport. It has four different terminals that connect via bus transfers. If you are taking a connecting flight, remember to keep some time as a buffer, as transfers may force you to travel through the busy streets of Manila. Terminal 1 caters to International flights and Philippine Airlines uses T2 and domestic carriers and international carriers use T3 with budget carriers largely using T4.

You can take a bus from the airport to the city. Taxis have meters and you can hail a cab outside the airport. Buses and small vans or jeepneys are popular modes of transport within the city.

Manila has three light rail systems and one heavy train line. The light rail systems are the LRT-1, LRT-2, and MRT-3. You can also use the pedicabs and tricycles for shorter distances. In some areas, you can even find horse-driven carriages called calesa.

Tourist Visas in Manila

The visa process is not a very complex system as the Philippines has a visa waiver program for certain countries. All European nations, South American countries, and many others form part of this program. Citizens from these countries can stay in Manila for up to 30 days, whereas nationals from Brazil and Israel may stay in Manila for 59 days. Hong Kong, Macau, and Portugal residents can stay for 14 days without a visa. Tourists belonging to other countries need to apply for a visa to enter the Philippines, in the consulate in their respective countries.

You must also have a valid return ticket. Passport must also be valid for at least six months and beyond to stay in the country. Visa-exempt people may extend their stay by one or two months after which they will have to apply for a visa.

Additional Information

• The currency of the Philippines is Peso (symbol: ₱). It is strong in the world market and the usual exchange rate is 1 Dollar equals 50 Pesos. Dollars are easy to exchange compared to other currencies.
• Credit cards are acceptable in almost every place. The city also has many ATMs from where you can withdraw money without difficulty. However, ATMs will charge you a minimal exchange fee on foreign cards.
• Bargaining and negotiating are acceptable in most places and it can get you better deals.
• Restaurants may add a service charge of up to 10%. You can pay a cash tip of 5 to 10 %. People often round off the taxi fare.
• Manila is a city full of people who speak English proficiently. Filipino and English are the two official languages. Filipino is a variety of Tagalog, Austronesian languages.
• Hindu, Muslim, Buddhism, and Christian religions have left their mark on the Philippines at different periods. Today, a majority of the population is Roman Catholic.
• There are many public holidays in Manila. Some of the important ones are Christmas Eve, Christmas, Eid al-Fitr (Ramadan), Labor Day, New Year, and Good Friday, etc. The Independence Day falls on June 12th and Manila Day on 24th June.