Reproductive Medicine in Vietnam

Reproductive medicine is a field of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and management of male and female reproductive issues. It encompasses the prevention and assessment, as well as the treatment and prognosis of a wide variety of reproductive conditions. The main goal of reproductive medicine is to improve or maintain the female and male reproductive systems. Reproductive medicine specialists particularly treat and advise on any issues impacting a person’s or a couple’s ability to conceive. They treat issues of puberty, sexual education, family planning, birth control, infertility, sexual dysfunction, and reproductive system disease, such as:

• Infectious diseases, such as reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Cancer that affects the reproductive system, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, penile cancer, and prostate cancer.
• Conditions that affect fertility, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, fibroids, hypothyroidism, cryptorchidism, vasectomy, and retrograde ejaculation.
• Congenital abnormalities, such as imperforate hymen and epispadias.
• Endocrine disorders, such as teratoma, hypogonadism, idiopathic hirsutism, androgen insensitivity syndrome, ovarian cysts, and hypopituitarism.

Tests and treatments that reproductive medicine may perform include:

• Full medical history assessment
• Physical examination
• Blood tests
• Imaging techniques, such as pelvic ultrasounds
• Investigations of semen samples
• Ovulation induction
• Assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF), fertility medication, artificial insemination (AI), embryo transfer, and frozen embryo replacement (FER)
• Open surgery
• Laparoscopic surgery
• Prescribing medication, such as antibiotics for bacterial infections or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the HIV virus.

Reproductive medicine is a multidisciplinary branch of medicine that combines physiology, endocrinology, and anatomy, as well as some aspects of biochemistry and molecular biology. Reproductive medicine also overlaps with other branches of medicines, such as gynecology, urology, obstetrics, and psychiatry.

How Long Should I Stay in Vietnam?

Your length of stay in Vietnam depends on your specific condition and the type of test and/or treatment you underwent. In general, it is advisable that you stay in Vietnam for at least 1-3 weeks, although you may be able to travel home within 1 to 2 days after some diagnostic tests. During your stay, you will attend follow-up appointments.

What's the Expected Recovery Time?

Your specific condition, the type of test/treatment you underwent, the technique your doctor used, and your overall health determines the recovery time. For open surgery, it may take around 4 to 6 weeks until you are allowed to resume your normal activity and to go back to work. Laparoscopic surgery offers shorter recovery time, usually only 3 to 4 weeks until you can return back to your normal activity level. For non-surgical procedures, such as IVF, you should be able to go back to your normal routine immediately after the procedure.

What Aftercare is Required?

You will be given detailed aftercare instructions that you will need to follow. In most cases, you will attend regular checkups with your reproductive medicine specialist in Vietnam or with your local doctor back at home. 

What's the Success Rate?

The advancement of reproductive medicine and a better understanding of the human reproductive system has lead to an increased safety and success rate of the reproductive system’s tests and treatments. The field has allowed the development of assisted reproductive technology (ART), resulting in advances in overcoming infertility. ART is also safer than surgical procedures, minimizing the risks that surgical procedures carry.

Are there Alternatives?

Depending on your specific case, you may be able to see a gynecologist, urologist, obstetrician, or even oncologist as the alternative to seeing a reproductive medicine specialist. It is best, however, to talk to your general physician first as they will be able to direct you to the right specialist. 

Reproductive Medicine in and around Vietnam

About Vietnam

Situated at the extreme east of the Indochina Peninsula, Vietnam is a country that exhibits profound cultural richness and captivating landscapes. It holds the distinction of being the world's 15th most populous country, housing over 94 million residents scattered across its diverse geographical expanse. Despite grappling with issues like poverty and corruption, Vietnam's impressive economic performance cannot be overlooked. Notably, the country boasts a commendable GDP growth rate and is celebrated as one of the fastest-growing economies globally.

This country is well-known around the globe for its breathtaking natural beauty. It's also recognized for its energetic, larger-than-life cities that are always buzzing with activity. Furthermore, its culture is intricate and assorted, attracting millions who appreciate rich customs and traditions. In 2018, this place was a magnet for tourists, drawing in over 15 million visitors who were eager to immerse themselves in its unique way of life.

Broadly celebrated for its splendid scenic landscapes, there's an undeniable charm this country possesses. The vivacious megacities are a thrilling fusion of noise, colors, and life that leaves an impression on all who stroll through them. The cultural mosaic of this land is complex, and varied, presenting evidence of a fascinating history shared through countless generations. The year 2018 saw floods of tourists - well in excess of 15 million - come to explore, each leaving with their own tale of discovery within its borders.

The rapid development of Vietnam has made it into the next medical tourism hub in Southeast Asia. Now, medical tourists consider the country as their potential medical destination. Many new medical centers have sprung up and welcomed thousands of patients to relax and enjoy their treatment. The country offers a wide range of cost-effective medical treatment, well-trained doctors, and professional equipment. The country focuses on promoting medical tourism to neighboring markets such as Laos and Cambodia. 

Popular Parts of Vietnam

• Ho Chi Minh, formerly Saigon, is the most populous city in Vietnam. It is the financial center and home to the largest stock exchange in the country. Tourists coming to the city can enjoy its many tourist spots such as shopping in the Ben Thanh Market, viewing the city from Saigon Skydeck, discovering the city’s history from The War Remnants Museum, or learning the culture of Jade Emperor Pagoda. Other than the attractions, the city is also famous for its traditional food, including pho and pork rolls.
• Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and the country’s major metropolitan and political center. Tourists will find many well-preserved colonial buildings, museums, and pagodas. As one of the most ancient capitals in the world, most tourists will be delighted to explore the city’s historic Old Quarter, spend a beautiful day in Hoan Kiem Lake, or visit the Temple of Literature.
• Hoi An invites tourists to experience a slow-paced, relaxing lifestyle. The city’s Old Town has successfully preserved Japanese merchant houses and Chinese temples. To get a glimpse of the city, many tourists will opt for a bicycle tour. The city also offers a unique farming and fishing experience for its visitors. Off the coast of the city, tourists will be overjoyed to find a diving paradise with hundreds of different coral and fish.
• Nha Trang is a coastal city on the South Central Coast of the country. Tourists usually come to this city for its stunning white sandy beaches and scuba diving. In addition to the beautiful beaches, Nha Trang Bay is considered to be one of the world’s most beautiful bays. The city is also home to the remnants of the Champa Kingdom, gothic-style Catholic churches, and many Buddhist temples.
• Da Nang is located on the coast of the South China Sea, making it the most important port city of Vietnam. The city continues to evolve each year, with modern hotels and restaurants being developed all around it. It is the tourist capital of South Central Vietnam. Tourists visit the city to enjoy its tranquil beaches with crystal clear waters, beautiful ancient pagodas, interesting French colonial buildings, and green national parks.

Weather and Climate in Vietnam

Vietnam, situated uniquely on the map, experiences differing climates in its varied regions. If you travel south, you'll find a tropical monsoon climate. This climate type typically comes with two main seasons - the wet season and the dry season.

Straying north, however, you'll encounter a different story altogether. Here, the climate is categorized as monsoonal but it's accompanied by four clear-cut seasons - spring, summer, autumn, and winter. So, regardless of the time of year, there's a high chance you'll experience a unique slice of Vietnamese weather, depending entirely on which part of the country you've set foot in.

• The south experiences wet and dry season and the wet season lasts from September to December. There is more rainfall between September and November. The dry season starts in January and ends in August and the average annual temperature is around 26 °C. Some cities such as Da Nang are prone to typhoons during the wet season.
• In the north, spring starts in February characterized by some rain and cold temperature. The end of April is the start of summer, with intense sunshine and sometimes even a heatwave. The average temperature during Summer is 27.5 °C but it can feel a lot hotter. Autumn starts in September and ends in November. Autumn has the best weather, with a lot of sunshine and calm wind. From December to January is Winter and it is generally cold with an average temperature of 17 °C which can drop as low as 7 °C.

Getting Around in Vietnam

There are numerous airports in Vietnam that connect the major cities. However, there are three major international airports where international visitors usually arrive at, Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, and Da Nang. Most international flights will arrive at Tan Son Nhat International Airport which serves domestic and international flights to and from major cities in Asia, Europe, and Australia. In terms of capacity, the biggest airport in the country is the Noi Bai International Airport in Hanoi.

The airport is a hub for both local and global travel. It houses two terminals within its boundaries. Terminal 1 is tasked with the management of domestic flights, servicing those traveling within the country's borders. On the other hand, Terminal 2 oversees international flight operations, connecting this airport to numerous cities across Asia and Europe. Affordable airlines, including the likes of Jetstar Pacific and VietJet Air, schedule flights departing from and arriving at both Tan Son Nhat and Noi Bai airports - a testament to the airport's reach and convenience to travelers with varying budget needs.

Tourists do have a few travel options to get around Vietnam. The country is served by trains running from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi and it stops in many of the popular areas such as Da Nang and Nha Trang. Buses are a great option for tourists to get around the country and the buses are privately operated buses called “open tour” buses. There is also a national bus system, but they are generally not as comfortable as the private buses.

Taxis are available in most cities and can be hailed directly from the streets or via a phone call. The fare usually starts at VND 10,000 to VND 12,000. If you need to be quick, try the motorcycle taxis known as Xe Om. You will need to negotiate the price but they can be found in most parts of the cities. Cyclo (similar to trishaw) is also available for short-distance travel within a city. For easier travel, opt for Grab Motorbike, an online hailing app similar to Uber.

Tourist Visas in Vietnam

• Citizens of 24 countries, including Singapore, Thailand, Russia, and Japan, can enter and stay in Vietnam for up to 90 days without a visa.
• Citizens of 81 countries, including the United States, the European Union, and Canada, can apply for an e-visa. An e-visa is a single-entry visa that allows the holder to stay in Vietnam for up to 30 days.
• Citizens of all other countries need to apply for a visa at a Vietnamese embassy or consulate.

How to apply for an e-visa:

• To apply for an e-visa, you will need to create an account on the Vietnam e-Visa website and complete an online application form. You will also need to upload a digital photo of yourself and a scan of your passport.
• The e-visa fee is USD 25.
• Once your application is approved, you will receive an e-visa by email. The e-visa must be printed out and presented to immigration officials upon arrival in Vietnam.

Additional information:

• All visitors to Vietnam must have a passport valid for at least six months beyond their intended date of departure from Vietnam.
• Visitors who obtain an e-visa must have a valid passport and a digital photo.
• Visitors who apply for a visa at a Vietnamese embassy or consulate may also need to provide additional documentation, such as a proof of onward travel or a letter of invitation.

Additional Information

1. Local Currency: The official currency is the Vietnamese Dong and 1 USD converts to VND 24,455.
2. Money & Payments: ATMs are widely available throughout the country. Credit and debit cards are accepted in many hotels but most restaurants and shops still only accept cash. Tipping is generally not expected but will be appreciated.
3. Local Language: Vietnamese is the local language. English is not widely spoken, but if you are staying in popular tourist areas, there will be people who can speak some English.
4. Local Culture and Religion: Most of the population follows the Vietnamese folk religion. Buddhism, Christianity, Hoahaoism, Islam, and Hinduism are also freely practiced.
5. Public Holidays: The country celebrates major religious and national holidays such as New Year’s Day, Saigon Liberation Day, and Vietnam Traditional Lunar New Year.