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Orchiectomy, also known as an orchidectomy, or simply orchi, is a surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed. When just one testicle is removed, it is called unilateral simple orchiectomy. When both testicles are removed, the procedure is called bilateral orchiectomy. The surgery is typically performed as a treatment for testicular cancer. Some other cases where simple orchiectomy is performed are:
As the name implies, simple orchiectomy is a simple procedure, taking about just 30 minutes to be performed.
Every procedure requires the patient to stay in a certain position. For a simple orchiectomy, the patient is made to lie in a flat or in medical terms, a supine position on an operating table. The patient is prepped and draped in the usual standard sterile manner. The penis is taped against the abdomen so that the scrotum is exposed. The nurse will shave a small area to prepare the region for an incision.
It is a simple procedure that takes only 30 minutes to be performed. It is done under local or regional anesthesia or epidural anesthesia. An example of a commonly used local anesthetic (LA) is the lidocaine. Epidural anesthesia is given by injecting a needle into a small area of the back so that anesthetic can be injected into the epidural space.
After the anesthetic has been administered, the surgeon makes an incision in the midpoint of the scrotum and cuts through the underlying tissue, going through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, dartos layer, and the tunica vaginalis.
The surgeon removes the testicles, along with all the gubernacular attachments, and parts of the spermatic cord through the incision. All the bleeders are coagulated. The incision is closed with two layers of sutures and covered with a surgical dressing.
If the patient desires, a prosthetic testicle can be inserted before the incision is closed to present an aesthetic outward appearance of a pre-surgical scrotum.
Simple orchiectomy can be performed as an outpatient procedure. The typical length of time for this procedure is usually about 30 minutes. Nonetheless, you always have the option to stay a little longer at the hospital for your recovery if you choose.
It is also important that you have regular check-ups with your surgeon while you’re still in recovery. In most cases, the doctor will use stitches that dissolve on their own in about 1 to 3 weeks and do not need to be removed.
The usual recovery time can take about a month. The first two weeks can be especially painful and patients are advised to not engage in vigorous exercise or effort. The Doctor will prescribe pain medications (NSAIDS) to ease your discomfort. It is very advisable that you take 2 weeks off work after the operation to fully help the recovery.
Simple orchiectomy has a high success rate where most patients leave the operating room happy with the procedure.
Following bilateral simple orchiectomy, there can be depletion in androgen levels, a relative increase in estrogen levels, metabolic changes, and other numerous consequences, including:
Alternatives to a simple orchiectomy are observation and certain drugs, like LHRH analogs, anti-androgens, steroid anti-androgens, estrogens. Other more advanced hormonal therapy regimens and experimental chemotherapy have been reserved for later stages of cancers.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Malaysia is a rich culturally-oriented tourist destination and has a beautiful blend of modernization with a relaxed lifestyle. The population of the country is 32 Million people and Malaysia’s economy ranks in the fourth position in terms of size in Southeast Asia, The electronics, automotive, and construction industries are the biggest industries in Malaysia. The capital is Kuala Lumpur and It is the country’s largest urban area and is the cultural, commercial, and transportation center.
Presently, Malaysia stands as a renowned destination for its exemplary healthcare facilities, offering these high-quality services at notably affordable costs when juxtaposed against other globally recognized medical nations. As per predictions from the Ministry of Finance, the influx of medical tourists is expected to surge beyond 2,000,000 million by 2020. This forecasted growth can be largely attributed to the exemption of taxes imposed on medical bills.
The cities that top the list of medical travel include Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Selangor, Sarawak, and Melaka. Statistics reveal that among the 1.2 million patients who have visited Malaysia for medical care in 2017, 600,000 alone were from Indonesia. The most-sought-after medical procedures are cosmetic surgery, Brazilian butt-lift, and dental surgery. Malaysia is a favorite destination among medical tourists globally for the following reasons.
Some of the top-rated five-star medical tourism hospitals within the country include Columbia Asia Extended Care Hospital situated in Selangor, Sunway Velocity Medical Centre located in Kuala Lumpur, and Sunway Medical Centre based in Selangor.
Undoubtedly, Malaysia's appeal is immediately evident. The variety of experiences it offers, from bustling cities to idyllic landscapes, entrances visitors. Malaysia's multiculturalism, expressed through unique customs and diverse cuisines, only enhances its charm. This draws tourists from all corners of the globe, leaving them yearning for more. Succinctly, the splendor and diversity of Malaysia make it hard to resist repeated visits.
The must-visit cities in Malaysia renowned for their world-class appeal include Malacca, Langkawi, Kuching, Spaden, Johor Bahru, and Taiping.
Malaysia is a place that's warm all year round, as being in the tropical region. But since it's close to the ocean, the air can get pretty moist. Still, it's re-assuring to note that it doesn't get too hot, with temperatures usually staying between a pleasant 20°C and 30°C all throughout the year. Those who prefer cooler weather can visit the highlands in Malaysia, where it's generally chillier.
When planning a trip it's important to take into account the best times to visit different parts of the country. If you're eyeing the east coast, try to schedule your visit between March and September; this period is relatively drier than other months. On the other hand, the west coast is better visited from November to August. It's best to avoid the heavy rains which usually occur from September to October. With this information, you can plan to get the best out of your trip to Malaysia.
The Country has a well-developed transport network and efficient rail links which makes all travel around the country easy.
It is advisable to book domestic transport well in advance during the main festivals, such as Chinese New Year, Hari Raya Pusa and Hari Raya Haji. Domestic flights and domestic express bus services are often sold out weeks before these festivals. All the major cities in Malaysia have an airport and most budget airlines operate into the country.
In the larger cities of Malaysia, you'll find that transportation is convenient with many kinds of vehicles to choose from. Specifically in Kuala Lumpur, the capital city, there's a broad range of public transportation options to get around. You can hop on buses for an affordable ride or opt for minibusses, locally known as "bas-mini" to navigate through narrower streets.
Furthermore, taxis are easily accessible in Kuala Lumpur, providing a convenient alternative when you prefer more comfort or need to reach a specific destination quickly. If you would like to experience something traditional and fun, pedicabs or "trishaws" as they are commonly known, are present in some parts of the city offering you a unique ride.
Additionally, Kuala Lumpur also boasts a well-connected train network, including rapid transit and commuter rail services, facilitating quick and efficient travel across the city. It's safe to say that in Kuala Lumpur, moving around is smooth and easy, thanks to these diverse means of transportation.
In Malaysian towns and cities, various modes of transport are used, including ferry services. In cities, the rail network is a good way to get around, especially the KL Monorail and transit trains.
The residents of the following countries holding a valid passport are the ones required to apply for a Malaysian tourist visa. China, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Serbia, and Montenegro
All other nationalities will not need a visa to visit Malaysia. You will normally be given permission to stay for 3 months on arrival. Visas for longer stays or for non-tourist purposes must be obtained from the nearest Malaysian diplomatic mission before you travel.
The Malaysian authorities are running a vigorous campaign against illegal immigration. Don’t overstay your visa, or violate the terms of entry. Even if you overstay for just a few days, you can be fined, detained, deported, and blacklisted. Flight costs will be the responsibility of the individual.