Urology in Hungary

Urology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of the female and male urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra). This branch of medicine also deals with male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis).

Urology has a number of sub-disciplines, including:

• Endourology – this sub-discipline of urology deals with the closed manipulation of the urinary tract. It includes all minimally invasive urologic surgical procedures, such as prostate surgery and stone removal surgery.
• Urologic oncology – this focuses on the treatment of malignant genitourinary diseases, such as cancer of the bladder, prostate, kidney, ureters, adrenal glands, testicles, or penis.
• Neurourology – this deals with the treatment of conditions involving the nervous control of the genitourinary system or abnormal urination.
• Pediatric urology – this focuses on urologic disorders in children, such as congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract, cryptorchidism (undescended testes), underdeveloped genitalia, enuresis, and vesicoureteral reflux.
• Andrology – this deals with disorders of the male reproductive system, such as ejaculatory disorders, erectile dysfunction, vasectomy reversal, and infertility.
• Reconstructive urology – this is a highly specialized field of male urology that deals with the reconstruction of both the structure and function of the genitourinary tract.
• Female urology – this deals with conditions of a woman’s reproductive and urinary tract, such as pelvic organ prolapse, overactive bladder, and urinary incontinence.

Medical professionals specializing in the field of urology are called urologists. Urologists can diagnose and treat diseases of the urinary tract in both women and men, as well as diagnosing and treating any problems in men’s reproductive tract. In some cases, urologists may also perform surgery. In the case of certain conditions, urologists may need to work in conjunction with medical professionals who specializes in other fields, such as oncologist, radiotherapists, nephrologist, and gynecologist.

Urologists can treat the following conditions:

In men:

• Prostate gland enlargement
• Cancers of the penis, bladder, testicles, kidneys, and adrenal and prostate glands
• Erectile dysfunction
• Infertility
• Kidney diseases
• Kidney stones
• Interstitial cystitis, also known as painful bladder syndrome
• Prostatitis
• Varicoceles, or enlarged veins in the scrotum
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

In women:

• Cancer of the kidneys, bladder, and adrenal glands
• Bladder prolapse, or a condition in which the bladder drops into the vagina
• Kidney stones
• Interstitial cystitis
• Overactive bladder
• Urinary incontinence
• UTIs

In children:

• Blockages and other problems with the urinary tract structure
• Bed-wetting
• Undescended testicles

What does Urology Involve?

During your first appointment, your urologist may ask you questions about your health history, any medicines you take, and your current symptoms. Your urologist may do a physical exam that includes a rectal and genital exam. They may also do some tests, such as:

• Imaging tests, such as MRI scans, CT scans, or ultrasound to help them locate the problem.
• A urine test to check for bacteria or other signs of disease.
• A cystoscope (a long, thin tube with a camera on its end) to see inside the urinary tract and take a sample of tissue for testing.
• A biopsy to check for cancer and other disorders.
• Urodynamic testing to check how fast the urine leaves your body, how much pressure there is in your bladder, and how much urine remains in your bladder after urinating.

After your urologist makes a diagnosis, the treatment will depend on your specific condition. It may include the use of medications and surgery.

Types of medication include:

• Hormone treatment for prostate cancer
• Antibiotics for infections
• Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors for erectile dysfunction
• Chemotherapy drugs for cancer
• Drugs that act on the smooth muscle of the bladder to help reduce urinary incontinence.

Some of the most common types of surgery include:

• A cystectomy, which is a procedure to remove the bladder. This procedure is used to treat cancer.
• A kidney transplant, which involves replacing a damaged or diseased kidney with a healthy one.
• Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, which is used to break up kidney stones so they can be removed more easily.
• A repair of damage to the urinary tract due to injury.
• A procedure to open a blockage.
• A repair of urinary organs that are not well-formed.
• A prostatectomy, which is used to remove all or part of the prostate gland. This procedure is performed to treat prostate cancer.
• Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate, which removes excess tissue from an enlarged prostate.
• Transurethral resection of the prostate, which involves the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate.
• A sling procedure, which uses strips of mesh in order to support the urethra and keep it closed. This procedure can treat urinary incontinence.
• A ureteroscopy, which involves the removal of stones in the kidneys and ureter using a scope.
• A vasectomy, which is a procedure to cut and tie the vas deferens, or the tubes that carry sperm. This is done to prevent pregnancy.
• A nephrectomy, which involves removing a kidney to treat cancer.

The surgery can be performed in one of two ways: open through a large incision, laparoscopically through several tiny incisions. Both methods are usually performed under general anesthesia. In some cases, local anesthetic may be used instead.

How Long Should I Stay in Hungary?

Depending on the procedure you will have, you may be able to leave the hospital on the same day or you will have to stay for up to 5 days. In general, it is highly advisable that you stay in Hungary for several days following your procedure for initial recovery and to attend scheduled follow-up checkups. For surgical procedures, you may need to stay in the country for at least 10 to 14 days.

What's the Recovery Time?

The recovery time varies, depending on the procedure you have, the reason why you need the procedure, and your overall health. For surgical procedures, it may take about one to six weeks until you can go back to your full activity. For non-surgical procedures, you may be allowed to go back to your normal routine within several days. Your urologist will give you a detailed recovery timeline, which includes the time you can go back to work, normal activity, and strenuous activities, such as exercise and heavy lifting.

What About Aftercare?

Your urologist will give you a set of instructions for your aftercare. The instruction may include a diet plan, exercise, restrictions, and medication to take, and wound care. It is important that you follow every instruction closely. After surgery, you will be encouraged to do some light exercise, such as walking, to help your healing process. You may also need to eat easily digestible food until you are recovered.

Depending on your specific condition, you may need to attend regular checkups following your treatment. For instance, if you had cancer treatment, your doctor will suggest you attend a checkup once or twice a year to ensure that cancer has not come back.

What's the Success Rate?

The field of urology is at the forefront of research and innovation. Due to its constant advancement, the procedures are becoming more effective and safer. Each urological treatment is also known to offer high success rates. However, any procedure comes with risks, such as infection, bleeding, and damage to nearby organs. Therefore, it is important that you choose a skilled and experienced urologist.

Are there Alternatives to Urology?

If you have any injury or disease in your urinary tract and/or reproductive organ (for men), there is no other alternative besides visiting a urology department. However, if your disease is found to be caused by other problems, the doctor will refer you to a relevant doctor.

Urology in and around Hungary

About Hungary

Positioned in the core of Central Europe and completely surrounded by land, this historically enriched nation is among the world's top 15 tourist favorites. It's a hotspot teeming with UNESCO World Heritage sites, a testament to its rich past.

The country boasts eye-catching architectural marvels and relaxing thermal baths and spas, the most talked-about amongst these being the Szechenyi baths nestled in the nation's capital, Budapest. This combination of cultural heritage and relaxation opportunities lends the country a unique charm that continually lures in visitors from around the globe.

While Hungary possesses only one facility accredited by the Joint Commission International, it leans on the trusted expertise of its local accreditation board. This board, licensed by pillars of authority such as the Hungarian Ministry of Health and the State National Health Commission and Medical Service, ensures the maintenance of high healthcare standards.

Each year sees a burgeoning number of medical tourists making the journey to Hungary. Many among them travel specifically for Urology procedures. Dental and cosmetic treatments, in particular, draw significant attention due to Hungary’s competitive pricing, often regarded as the most economical across Europe.

Popular Parts of Hungary

With less than 10 million inhabitants sprinkled across an approximate area of 93,030 square kilometers, Hungary may appear relatively modest in size. However, within its boundaries, it hosts an impressive number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Alongside these acclaimed landmarks, it also boasts a multitude of exquisite attractions, making it a country that belies its physical size with its magnificently rich offerings.

• Budapest is the capital of Hungary. From beautiful boulevards, extraordinary architectures, an abundance of hot springs, to sophisticated food and an electric nightlife. Budapest has everything to satisfy everyone. Castle Hill is one of the most visited places in Budapest with beautiful buildings dating back to the 14th and 15th centuries.
• Eger is known for its castle, historic buildings, and thermal baths and also for its red wine. There are many festivals and celebrations centered around wine and remember to enjoy the wine-tasting when visiting Eger.
• Debrecen is an important city in Hungarian Protestantism. The city has many religious sites and museums. Tourists should visit the Great Church, St. Anne Cathedral, and the Deri Museum. Debrecen also has a lot of bars and nightclubs.
• Siofok is located at the southern coast of Lake Balaton. The small town also has beautiful beaches, making it one of the most popular summer holiday destinations. The town has many entertainment options, tourists can spend a lovely day on the beach next to Lake Balaton or enjoy the food in beachside bars and restaurants.
• Szeged is known as ‘The City of Sunshine’ because it has wonderful weather. The city offers beautiful parks, cultural scenes, and amazing street side cafes. Szeged has a youthful vibe as it is a university town. In the summer, there are many festivals such as the Open Air Theater festival.

Weather and Climate in Hungary

Hungary is characterized by the presence of four clearly demarcated seasons.

• Hungarian summers, spanning from June to August, are typically warm and agreeable, with average temperatures oscillating between 23 to 28°C (73 – 82°F). However, mercury levels can sometimes soar as high as 35°C (95°F). Tourists are advised to opt for lightweight clothing during this period. This season generally sees a tourism surge in Hungary.
• Both spring and autumn showcase milder, comfortable temperatures. Spring, in particular, is a splendid time to visit Hungary as the country's parks and fields burst into vibrant, full bloom.
• Winter presents a stark contrast with severely cold conditions. Average temperatures fall within -3 to -7°C (27 to 19°F), and can plummet to lows of -10°C (14°F). While rural areas may not be very visitor-friendly during this time, the more prominent cities continue to offer an enjoyable experience despite the cold.

Getting Around in Hungary

Hungary has five large airports, but international flights usually land at Ferenc Liszt International Airport. The airport is still commonly called “Ferihegy.” It offers international connections mainly to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and North America. Several budget airlines such as Wizz Air, EasyJet, and Ryanair operate many flights from this airport. Flights to/from Schengen countries use Terminal 2A (also known as the Schengen terminal), while flights from non-Schengen countries use Terminal 2B. Another year-round international airport is Debrecen International Airport. The airport serves Wizz Air and Lufthansa along with several seasonal airlines. There aren’t many domestic flights in Hungary because traveling to one city to another usually only takes three hours by train or bus.

Visitors can get into the city from the airports by bus or taxi. If you wish to travel by taxi, make sure to use regulated taxis such as Főtaxi, the company has trained and experienced drivers to ensure passengers’ safety. The fare is 300 HUF/Km (1.03 USD). A ride to Budapest from Ferenc Liszt International Airport should cost around 7200 HUF (24.8 USD).

Buses are another easy option to get to the city center. Bus tickets are relatively cheap, single tickets are 350 HUF (1.30 USD) and can be purchased at the airport post office, BKK customer points in arrivals halls, the newsagents, and from the ticket machine at the bus stops. Drivers also sell tickets for 450 HUF (1.60 USD). It is recommended to buy daily or multi-day travel-cards and passes which are valid for an unlimited number of trips within their validity periods. The multi-day pass costs 1650 HUF (6.15 USD)

Hungary has a highly developed transport system. To travel to another city, tourists can use Intercity (IC), the fastest trains that link major cities with Budapest. Buses are a more economical way to travel inter-city. Buses are efficient. Tickets can be purchased from the bus driver. Taxis are good, but make sure to always inspect the change that taxi drivers give you. Drivers commonly give tourists outdated Romanian currency that looks similar to Hungarian currency but has no value. Hiring a car is another good option if you want to travel to many destinations, most roads are two lanes and the main roads are in good shape.

Tourist Visas in Hungary

European Union, American, and Canadian passport holders can stay in Hungary without a visa for up to 90 days, as long as the passport is valid for at least three months. Citizens of EU/EEA member and 33 countries are granted visa-free entry for a maximum period of 90 days.

Hungary is also a part of the Schengen Agreement. The Schengen Visa allows the holder to travel to any member countries using one single visa. The Schengen Visa is only issued to citizens of countries who are required to obtain a visa before entering Europe. For more information:

• Visitors to Hungary must have a valid passport and proof of onward travel.
• It is recommended to have travel insurance, as it is not required by law but can be very helpful in case of an emergency.
• Visitors to Hungary should be aware of the country's currency, the Hungarian forint (HUF). The exchange rate for the Hungarian forint fluctuates daily, but it is currently trading at around 350 HUF to the US dollar.
• Most businesses and establishments in Hungary accept credit cards and debit cards. However, it is always a good idea to have some cash on hand, especially for smaller purchases and for tipping.

Additional Information

1. Local Currency: Although the Hungarian government wants to use the Euro as Hungary’s currency, the official currency is still Hungarian Forint (HUF). 1 USD is equivalent to 362.80 HUF.
2. Money & Payments: ATMs are easily available within the country. Hotels, shops, and restaurants accept credit cards, especially, MasterCard, Visa, and American Express. Several taxis in Budapest also accept credit cards. Many hotels and guesthouses that give their rates in euros will accept payment with euros or forint. Tipping is not mandatory but will be appreciated.
3. Local Language: The official language is Hungarian. English is widely taught in schools and universities, so many young people can speak very good English. German is almost as widely spoken as English.
4. Local Culture and Religion: More than half of the population follows Christianity as it is a historically Christian country. Jewish, Buddhist, and Muslim are freely practiced and are in the minority.
5. Public Holidays: Hungary celebrates Christian holy days. The country hosts many annual festivals such as Hollókő Easter Festival, Busójárás, and Balaton Festival. Note that on national and public holidays, most businesses including shops and restaurants are closed. Public transportations also run less frequently.

With its stunning landscapes, laden with history and soaked in culture, Hungary truly is a gem to behold. Brimming with a myriad of delights to cater to diverse preferences, it offers everything from captivating landscapes and historical marvels to lively metropolises teeming with life, and a wealth of culinary delights. Indeed, Hungary ensures every visitor takes away an indelible wealth of wonderful memories.