Urology in Paris

Urology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of the female and male urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra). This branch of medicine also deals with male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis).

Urology has a number of sub-disciplines, including:

• Endourology – this sub-discipline of urology deals with the closed manipulation of the urinary tract. It includes all minimally invasive urologic surgical procedures, such as prostate surgery and stone removal surgery.
• Urologic oncology – this focuses on the treatment of malignant genitourinary diseases, such as cancer of the bladder, prostate, kidney, ureters, adrenal glands, testicles, or penis.
• Neurourology – this deals with the treatment of conditions involving the nervous control of the genitourinary system or abnormal urination.
• Pediatric urology – this focuses on urologic disorders in children, such as congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract, cryptorchidism (undescended testes), underdeveloped genitalia, enuresis, and vesicoureteral reflux.
• Andrology – this deals with disorders of the male reproductive system, such as ejaculatory disorders, erectile dysfunction, vasectomy reversal, and infertility.
• Reconstructive urology – this is a highly specialized field of male urology that deals with the reconstruction of both the structure and function of the genitourinary tract.
• Female urology – this deals with conditions of a woman’s reproductive and urinary tract, such as pelvic organ prolapse, overactive bladder, and urinary incontinence.

Medical professionals specializing in the field of urology are called urologists. Urologists can diagnose and treat diseases of the urinary tract in both women and men, as well as diagnosing and treating any problems in men’s reproductive tract. In some cases, urologists may also perform surgery. In the case of certain conditions, urologists may need to work in conjunction with medical professionals who specializes in other fields, such as oncologist, radiotherapists, nephrologist, and gynecologist.

Urologists can treat the following conditions:

In men:

• Prostate gland enlargement
• Cancers of the penis, bladder, testicles, kidneys, and adrenal and prostate glands
• Erectile dysfunction
• Infertility
• Kidney diseases
• Kidney stones
• Interstitial cystitis, also known as painful bladder syndrome
• Prostatitis
• Varicoceles, or enlarged veins in the scrotum
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

In women:

• Cancer of the kidneys, bladder, and adrenal glands
• Bladder prolapse, or a condition in which the bladder drops into the vagina
• Kidney stones
• Interstitial cystitis
• Overactive bladder
• Urinary incontinence
• UTIs

In children:

• Blockages and other problems with the urinary tract structure
• Bed-wetting
• Undescended testicles

What does Urology Involve?

During your first appointment, your urologist may ask you questions about your health history, any medicines you take, and your current symptoms. Your urologist may do a physical exam that includes a rectal and genital exam. They may also do some tests, such as:

• Imaging tests, such as MRI scans, CT scans, or ultrasound to help them locate the problem.
• A urine test to check for bacteria or other signs of disease.
• A cystoscope (a long, thin tube with a camera on its end) to see inside the urinary tract and take a sample of tissue for testing.
• A biopsy to check for cancer and other disorders.
• Urodynamic testing to check how fast the urine leaves your body, how much pressure there is in your bladder, and how much urine remains in your bladder after urinating.

After your urologist makes a diagnosis, the treatment will depend on your specific condition. It may include the use of medications and surgery.

Types of medication include:

• Hormone treatment for prostate cancer
• Antibiotics for infections
• Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors for erectile dysfunction
• Chemotherapy drugs for cancer
• Drugs that act on the smooth muscle of the bladder to help reduce urinary incontinence.

Some of the most common types of surgery include:

• A cystectomy, which is a procedure to remove the bladder. This procedure is used to treat cancer.
• A kidney transplant, which involves replacing a damaged or diseased kidney with a healthy one.
• Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, which is used to break up kidney stones so they can be removed more easily.
• A repair of damage to the urinary tract due to injury.
• A procedure to open a blockage.
• A repair of urinary organs that are not well-formed.
• A prostatectomy, which is used to remove all or part of the prostate gland. This procedure is performed to treat prostate cancer.
• Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate, which removes excess tissue from an enlarged prostate.
• Transurethral resection of the prostate, which involves the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate.
• A sling procedure, which uses strips of mesh in order to support the urethra and keep it closed. This procedure can treat urinary incontinence.
• A ureteroscopy, which involves the removal of stones in the kidneys and ureter using a scope.
• A vasectomy, which is a procedure to cut and tie the vas deferens, or the tubes that carry sperm. This is done to prevent pregnancy.
• A nephrectomy, which involves removing a kidney to treat cancer.

The surgery can be performed in one of two ways: open through a large incision, laparoscopically through several tiny incisions. Both methods are usually performed under general anesthesia. In some cases, local anesthetic may be used instead.

How Long Should I Stay in Paris?

Depending on the procedure you will have, you may be able to leave the hospital on the same day or you will have to stay for up to 5 days. In general, it is highly advisable that you stay in Paris for several days following your procedure for initial recovery and to attend scheduled follow-up checkups. For surgical procedures, you may need to stay in the country for at least 10 to 14 days.

What's the Recovery Time?

The recovery time varies, depending on the procedure you have, the reason why you need the procedure, and your overall health. For surgical procedures, it may take about one to six weeks until you can go back to your full activity. For non-surgical procedures, you may be allowed to go back to your normal routine within several days. Your urologist will give you a detailed recovery timeline, which includes the time you can go back to work, normal activity, and strenuous activities, such as exercise and heavy lifting.

What About Aftercare?

Your urologist will give you a set of instructions for your aftercare. The instruction may include a diet plan, exercise, restrictions, and medication to take, and wound care. It is important that you follow every instruction closely. After surgery, you will be encouraged to do some light exercise, such as walking, to help your healing process. You may also need to eat easily digestible food until you are recovered.

Depending on your specific condition, you may need to attend regular checkups following your treatment. For instance, if you had cancer treatment, your doctor will suggest you attend a checkup once or twice a year to ensure that cancer has not come back.

What's the Success Rate?

The field of urology is at the forefront of research and innovation. Due to its constant advancement, the procedures are becoming more effective and safer. Each urological treatment is also known to offer high success rates. However, any procedure comes with risks, such as infection, bleeding, and damage to nearby organs. Therefore, it is important that you choose a skilled and experienced urologist.

Are there Alternatives to Urology?

If you have any injury or disease in your urinary tract and/or reproductive organ (for men), there is no other alternative besides visiting a urology department. However, if your disease is found to be caused by other problems, the doctor will refer you to a relevant doctor.

Urology in and around Paris

About Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France and it is the second-most visited country in the world and it is easy to see why. The city is considered as an international center of fashion, culture, art, and gastronomy. Its boulevards are lined with museums, world-famous monuments, classical bistros and boutiques, wine bars, and design shops that successfully captured the heart of its visitors. Besides a popular destination for leisure, Paris is also one of the leaders in Europe for medical tourism. Hospitals and clinics in the city are well-equipped and are able to perform all manner of medical treatments for international tourists. The doctors and nurses offer the highest level of care that is hard to rival. 

Popular Parts of Paris

Paris is filled with iconic monuments with thousands of years of history. The most popular attraction of the city, as well as France’s symbol, is the Eiffel Tower. Visitors are allowed to climb as far as the 2nd floor via the south pillar’s 720 stairs or ride the elevator to the top. Besides the Eiffel Tower, visitors can stroll around the glamorous avenue des Champs-Élysées and admire Arc De Triomphe, admire the exquisite décor of Sainte-Chapelle, wander along the Seine, or try the city’s art nouveau cafes. Visiting Paris will never be complete without exploring its museums. One of the most popular is the Louvre, which is the biggest museum in the world with thousands of famous works, including the Mona Lisa.

Transport in Paris

Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport is the main international gateway to the city. It connects the city with almost every country around the world. Getting around Paris is easy as the city boasts one of the most efficient public transportation systems in the world. The metro subway system is extensive, generally safe, easy to use, and the trains usually arrive on time. The buses are spacious and affordable. There is also a commuter express (“RER”) train service that will take you to the city’s most important areas. Taxis are available and can be found easily.

Visas in Paris

France is a member of the Schengen Agreement, meaning citizens of 62 countries, including Singapore, the US, and Australia do not need a visa to enter and stay in the country for up to 90 days. Other nationals not listed in the visa-free entry should obtain and apply for a visa and always check at the nearest French embassy or consulate for the requirements.

Weather in Paris

Spring (March-May) has mild temperatures with a lot of rainy days. Summer starts in June bringing warm temperatures and sunny days. The average temperature during the summer is around 18°C. The temperature will slowly decrease in autumn (September – November), but the weather is still generally pleasant. Winter can be cold as the temperature drop to 4°C. 

Additional Info

1. Local Currency: The official currency is the euro. 1 EUR is approx. 1.12 USD.
2. Money & Payments: ATMs are widely available. Debit and credit cards are accepted almost everywhere. Tipping can be mandatory in certain places.
3. Local Language: French is the official language, but many people in tourist areas speak English. 
4. Local Culture and Religion: Paris has a diverse religion, with Christianity as the biggest. Other religions, such as Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism, are present.
5. Public Holidays: Paris celebrates 11 official public holidays, including New Year’s Day, Easter Monday, Bastille Day, and Christmas Day.