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Surgery is a treatment option for numerous different stages of stomach cancer, particularly in its early stages. If a patient has a stage 0, I, II, or III cancer and is generally healthy enough, surgery often offers the only realistic chance for cure.
The aim of surgery is to remove all of cancer in the stomach while keeping as much normal tissue as possible. In some cases, some nearby tissues and lymph nodes may also be removed, depending on the stage and type of stomach cancer. Sometimes the surgeon may need to remove other organs as well.
There are several different types of surgery for stomach cancer. The type of surgery you have will depend on the type and stage of your cancer, as well as its location in your stomach.
Endoscopic resection
Endoscopic resection is used to treat very early-stage tumors that have not spread from the stomach walls. The goal of this procedure is to effectively remove the body of stomach cancer. For some people, this type of procedure is the only treatment needed.
During this procedure, no incision is made in the skin. Instead, your surgeon inserts a flexible tube with a small camera on its end (called an endoscope) through your mouth down into your stomach. Through the endoscope, surgical tools are passed to remove all cancerous tissue and some of the normal stomach wall around it.
Gastrectomy
Gastrectomy is carried out to remove part or all of the stomach while leaving as much healthy tissue as possible. The goal of the surgery is to completely remove cancer from the stomach, as well as the nearby lymph nodes. Gastrectomy is commonly performed on those whose stomach cancer has advanced. There are two types of gastrectomy:
Subtotal (partial) gastrectomy – this type of gastrectomy is usually recommended if the cancer is located only in the lower part of the stomach. Sometimes, it is used for cancers that are located only in the upper portion of the stomach as well. Subtotal gastrectomy involves removing part of the stomach, sometimes along with the first part of the small intestine or part of the esophagus. The surgeon may also remove part of the tissue that holds your stomach in place (the omentum). How much of your stomach and other organs removed depends on the position of cancer. After the surgery, you will have a smaller stomach.
Total gastrectomy – total gastrectomy is done if cancer has spread throughout the stomach. It is also recommended if the cancer is located near the esophagus in the upper part of the stomach or in the middle of the stomach. During the surgery, your surgeon removes the entire stomach, the omentum, nearby lymph nodes, and sometimes, parts of the nearby organs (such as the esophagus, pancreas, and intestines). In order to enable you to continue swallowing and eating normally, your surgeon then attaches the esophagus to part of the small intestine.
A gastrectomy, both subtotal and total, can be performed in three ways:
Laparotomy (open surgery) involves creating a large incision in the abdomen. This procedure may be needed if your abdomen contains scar tissue from previous surgery, making creating a small incision difficult.
Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) involves making several tiny incisions in the skin above the abdomen. Through one incision, the surgeon inserts a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube with a small camera on its end). Through the other incisions, the surgeon inserts small surgical tools to perform the surgery.
Robotic-assisted surgery uses a robotic surgical tool. The surgeon operates the robot using a console displaying a magnified 3-D image of the inside of your abdomen, which has been highlighted with a special fluorescent dye.
Placement of a feeding tube
After stomach cancer surgery, some patients experience trouble taking in enough nutrition. Other treatments, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy can make the problem even worse. To help you take in enough nutrition, your surgeon can place a tube into the intestine during gastrectomy. The end of this tube remains on the outside of the skin. Through the end of the tube, you can put liquid nutrition directly into the intestine, preventing, and treating malnutrition.
Your length of stay depends on the type of surgery you underwent. In general, you need to stay in the hospital for a few days. Plan to stay in Kuala Lumpur for at least 7 days for initial recovery and follow-up checkups.
The recovery time can vary, depending on the type of surgery and the technique your surgeon used. After endoscopic resection, many patients are able to return to work 2-3 days after surgery. For gastrectomy, it generally takes around 4 to 6 weeks until you can resume your normal routine, including work. However, if your doctor uses the laparoscopic technique, the recovery period can be shorter.
Your surgeon will give you a set of post-operative instructions that you need to follow. These include wound care and medications to take. You may need to attend regular follow-up checkups to ensure cancer has not come back.
After stomach cancer surgery, you may need to change your diet and you’re eating patterns. You need to eat smaller, more frequent meals instead of three big meals a day, particularly after total gastrectomy. Your surgeon will advise you to eat a low-carb and high-protein diet to help you feel better after eating.
The success rate for stomach cancer surgery depends on the stage of cancer and the type of stomach cancer you have. In general, surgery is very effective, particularly in the early stages of stomach cancer.
As with any major surgery, stomach cancer surgery has risks and side effects. These include bleeding, infection, and damage to nearby organs.
In many cases, surgery is necessary to treat stomach cancer, so there are no other alternatives. However, your doctor may recommend radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy instead of surgery, but it often depends on the stage of cancer you have. These types of treatments are usually needed along with surgery.
Stomach cancer can be life-threatening and cause uncomfortable symptoms. After surgery, the symptoms you felt before should be gone and the chance of your cancer spreading to other organs is reduced. In some cases, you may also be put in remission, meaning no cancer is found in your body.
Whilst the information presented here has been accurately sourced and verified by a medical professional for its accuracy, it is still advised to consult with your doctor before pursuing a medical treatment at one of the listed medical providers
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Kuala Lumpur is the capital city of Malaysia and often cited as the Food Capital of Asia. The city is modern on one hand and at the same time exhibits a rich cultural legacy.
Recognized globally, Kuala Lumpur is fast becoming a favored choice for medical tourism. Many individuals making the journey to this bustling metropolis can expect to conserve anywhere from 60% to 80% in medical expenses compared to the astronomical fees seen in the United States. The appeal doesn't end at affordable prices, the city's hospitals are reputed for their outstanding post-surgery care, ensuring patients feel comfortable and well-looked after. Supplementing the exemplary healthcare, these hospitals offer luxurious accommodation comparable to a five-star hotel suite, signaling a new standard for medical facilities worldwide.
Here is why Kuala Lumpur scores high in medical tourism.
Medical procedures including breast augmentation, varicose vein surgery, laser eye surgery, dental procedures, fertility treatments, oncology treatments and spinal surgeries are highly demanded in Kuala Lumpur. With state-of-the-art facilities, hospitals notably Pantai Hospital, HSC Medical Center, and Sikarin Hospital lead in providing these sought-after services.
Additionally, distinct local clinics situated in and around Kuala Lumpur, such as Dr. Cheong Plastic Surgery Clinic and KTOP Clinic, are particularly renowned in the field of breast augmentation. These institutions, aptly combining professionalism with empathy, embody the heightened standards of medical care in the city.
This city boasts a plethora of iconic attractions, spanning both naturally occurring wonders and impressive manmade structures:
In this city, residents and tourists alike encounter a tropical climate. Its persistent heat and humidity manifest in daily temperatures that typically fall between 29 and 35 degrees centigrade. Nighttime brings a touch of relative coolness, as temperatures drop to roughly 26 to 29 degrees centigrade.
While post-rain chills can occur, the city remains largely resilient to the monsoon winds coming from both the west and east. These sporadic showers pose minimal inconvenience as the city boasts well-structured covered walkways. A variety of indoor recreational complexes, inclusive of massive malls, guarantees an enjoyable pastime that doubles as shelter from the rain.
Getting around in Kuala Lumpur
The standard of public transportation within the city is second to none. A comprehensive network of buses and subway lines ensures swift and comfortable travel throughout the city, with affordable taxis providing an alternative for both longer and shorter journeys.
Showcasing their discipline, taxi drivers adhere meticulously to all road traffic rules and signs. For visiting tourists, the Hop-on-Hop-off service proves a favorite, offering a convenient tour that traverses the city, accompanied by an informative radio guide.
Tourist Visas in Kuala Lumpur
Citizens of 35 countries and the citizens of Commonwealth countries, including British protected citizens, Citizens from Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, San Marino, and Liechtenstein do not require a visa to enter Malaysia for up to 90 days.
Citizens of India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and other countries will need to obtain a visa in advance before entering Malaysia. Visas can be obtained online or at a Malaysian embassy or consulate.
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