Oncology in Mexicali

Oncology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the research, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating people with cancer is called an oncologist.

An oncologist can design a treatment plan based on detailed pathology reports that shows the type of cancer the patient has, how much cancer has developed, how fast the cancer is likely to spread, and what parts of the patient's body are involved.

The field of oncology has three main areas, which include:

• Medical oncologists use chemotherapy, hormonal therapies, and other types of targeted treatments to treat cancer. Most people think of medical oncologist as their primary cancer doctor. Medical oncologists help monitor and maintain patients' well-being, as well as helping patients manage side effects. Often patients follow up with their medical oncologist once their treatment is complete.
• Surgical oncologists perform the surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue. They will help patients prepare for and recover from any surgical procedure they undergo during their cancer treatment. If your primary doctor suspects that you have cancer, a surgical oncologist is likely one of the first doctors you see. Surgical oncologists can perform biopsies, which involves removing a small tissue sample to be checked for cancer cells.
• Radiation oncologists treat cancer using radiation therapy. They use high-energy photon beams to target and destroy cancer cells. Approximately one-half of all cancer patients will undergo radiation treatment during their cancer care.

Because most cancers are treated with a combination of therapies, you could see two or all three different oncologists during the course of your treatment.

Besides the three main areas, there are also several other areas of oncology. These include:

• Pediatric oncologists diagnose and treat cancer in children. Some types of cancer appear more often in children and teenagers, such as leukemia, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma. Some pediatric oncologists focus on conducting research on childhood cancers, while others specialize in certain types of cancer.
• Gynecologic oncologists treat cancers that affect women, such as cancer of the ovary, cervix, uterus, vagina, and vulva. Additionally, they also treat complicated gynecological conditions that are not cancerous, such as fibroid tumors and endometriosis.
• Hematologist-oncologists diagnoses and treats blood cancers, such as lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. They may also specialize in the management of solid tumors.

Oncologists usually work with a variety of other medical professionals, including pathologists, diagnostic radiologists, oncology nurses, and oncology social workers. They may also work with doctors from other areas of medicine, such as neurologists, dermatologists, or urologists.

What does Oncology Involve?

There are many types of procedures to treat cancer. The types of procedures that you receive will depend on the type of cancer you have and how advanced it is. Some people who have cancer will only have one treatment. However, most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Below are the types of procedures to treat cancer:

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells in the body and prevent them from growing. The drugs can prevent cell division, target the food source of the cancer cells’ (the hormones and enzymes the cells need to grow), and trigger apoptosis (a process in which cancer cells kill themselves).

• Chemotherapy drugs can be given in several different ways, including.
• Oral – taken in a pill or capsule form.
• Intravenously – through an infusion into a vein.
• Shots – injected with a needle.
• Topical – applying creams or gels into the skin. This type is used to treat certain types of skin cancer.

Chemotherapy drugs can also be given directly to cancer or directly to an area of the body, such as the abdomen or central nervous system.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy, or biologic therapy, boosts your body’s natural defenses to fight cancer. It uses substances made by your own body, or in a laboratory, to improve or restore your immune system function. It can stop cancer from spreading to other parts of the body, stop or slow the growth of cancer cells, and help your immune system work better at destroying cancer cells.

There are several types of immunotherapy to treat cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell transfer therapy, monoclonal antibodies, treatment vaccines, and immune system modulators. Different types of immunotherapy may be given in different ways, such as intravenous (IV), oral, intravesical (directly into the bladder), or topical.

Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy uses drugs that are designed to specifically “target” cancer cells without affecting normal cells. It targets the cancer’s specific proteins, genes, or other tissue environment contributing to cancer survival and growth. These proteins and genes are found in cancer cells or in cells related to cancer growth.

The targeted drugs can block or turn off chemical signals that tell cancer cells when to divide and grow, stop making new blood vessels that feed cancer cells, change proteins within the cancer cells so the cells die, trigger the immune system to kill cancer cells, and carry toxins in the cancer cells to kill them.

• There are two types of targeted therapy:
• Small-molecule drugs, which is given through pills or capsules that you swallow
• Monoclonal antibodies, which are given through a needle in a blood vein.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses intense energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It most often uses X-rays, but other types of energy, such as protons may also be used.

Radiation therapy can be done in two ways:

• External-beam radiation therapy – this type of radiation therapy delivers radiation from a machine outside the body. You will lie on a table, and the machine (called a linear accelerator) moves around you to deliver radiation from several different angles. It is a quick and painless procedure.
• Internal radiation therapy – also called brachytherapy, involves both temporary and permanent placement of radioactive sources in the body. During the placement of the radioactive sources, you will be given anesthesia.

Hormone therapy

Hormone therapy stops or slows the growth of cancer that uses hormones to grow. It works by blocking your body’s ability to produce hormones or interfere with how hormones behave in your body. It can reduce the chance that cancer will return by stopping or slowing its growth, as well as preventing or reducing symptoms in men with prostate cancer.

Hormone therapy is usually used to treat breast and prostate cancer. It can be taken in many ways, including orally, through an injection, and surgery.

Stem Cell Transplant

People whose blood-forming stem cells are damaged by the very high doses of radiation therapy or chemotherapy can undergo stem cell transplant to restore the cells. Blood-forming stem cells are vital since they grow into different types of blood cells that you need to be healthy. The stem cells will be given to you through an IV catheter. The process is very much like receiving a blood transfusion.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment for cancer is a procedure to remove cancer from your body. There are many types of surgeries to treat cancer, which differ based on the part of the body that requires surgery, the purpose of the surgery, the amount of tissue to be removed, and your preference. In general, the surgery can be open or minimally invasive.

• During open surgery, one large incision is made to remove the tumor, some healthy tissue, and some nearby lymph nodes.
• During minimally invasive surgery, a few tiny incisions are made instead of a large one. These incisions are made to insert a laparoscope (a long, thin tube with a camera on its end) and special surgical tools. The laparoscope allows your surgeon to see the inside of the body, and the surgical tools are used to remove the tumor and some healthy tissue.

How Long Should I Stay in Mexicali?

For chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, the treatment schedule may vary. You may have treatment every day, week, or month. It may also be given in a cycle, which is a period of treatment followed by a period of rest to give your body a chance to recover. For surgical treatment, you may need to stay in the hospital for a few days, and you need to stay in Mexicali for at least 10 to 14 days. Your oncologist and/or medical tourism team will advise you on the length of stay in Mexicali.

What's the Recovery Time?

The type of procedure you undergo determines the recovery period. While you may be able to get back to your normal routine within 10 days after laparoscopic surgery, you may need to wait around 6 weeks to fully recover from open surgery. Your oncologist will give you a detailed recovery timeline.

What About Aftercare?

You will be given instructions on how to take care of yourself. Your surgeon or nurse will explain how to control your pain, how to take care of your wound, activities you can and cannot do, and how to spot signs of infections. You may also need to talk to a dietitian to help with eating problems caused by the treatment. You will need to attend follow-up checkups to monitor your condition.

What's the Success Rate?

Cancer survival has improved significantly due to constant advancement and improvements in the field of oncology, including improvement in treatments and screening (allowing for earlier diagnosis). Still, you need to be aware of the risks, such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and hair loss.

Are there Alternatives to Oncology?

There is no other alternative than to see an oncologist when it comes to cancer treatments. Some people may choose to undergo meditation, hypnosis, and acupuncture as well, usually to relieve the stress, anxiety, and pain that cancer can bring.

Oncology in and around Mexicali

About Mexicali

Mexicali is a Mexican desert city with a population of 1 million and is situated on the Mexico-USA border, adjacent to its sister city Calexico, California. It is also the capital city of the state of Baja California. The small, yet, modernized business and the industrial city is well known for its highly educated population and also for the high standard of living. The city's close proximity to the US makes it an ideal weekend getaway spot for the Americans.

The main draw for tourists in Mexico is undoubtedly the medical care provided. In just the previous year, over 150,000 medical tourists touched down in Mexicali. These patients didn't only travel from neighboring USA, but also from regions as far-flung as Canada, Europe, and other global corners, truly highlighting the international appeal of medical tourism in Mexico.

Mexicali has a high-level infrastructure for medical care. A wide network of private and public hospitals, such as Hospital de la Familia and Hospital Hispano Americano, and clinics and laboratories guarantee specialized care. The city has 19 world-class hospitals, 418 dental consulting rooms, and 241 specialty consulting rooms.

Mexicali's medical sector, certified as per US standards, boasts skilled doctors and surgeons proficient in performing a wide spectrum of medical procedures. One unique advantage is the absence of waiting time with prompt and efficient services. Furthermore, the post-operative care provided is of exceptional quality, offering patients comprehensive support and guidance during recovery.

Affordability is a key feature of health care facilities and services in Mexicali. When drawn in comparison with the USA, medical costs can yield savings of up to 60%. Additionally, dental services come at roughly 70% cheaper, while prescribed medicines can be procured at a staggering 75% less, making Mexicali an attractive and pocket-friendly destination for medical tourism.

The hospitals cater to their medical tourists by providing exclusive transportation facilities, ensuring utmost convenience and ease. Additionally, they can assist in securing accommodations in top-tier hotels at appealing rates, thereby making the entire medical tourism experience a comfortable and hassle-free one.

Popular Areas in Mexicali

Mexicali is a compact city, full of life and entertainment. You can find a decent number of expatriates living here, most of them being Americans. Although the cost of living is cheaper when compared to that in the US, housing is expensive. San Pedro is the most expensive neighborhood in Mexicali. Los Pinos, Jardines Del Valle, Villafontana, Zona Dorada, Calle Novena, and Independencia are some of the popular residential localities of the city.

Nestled in the neighborhood of La Chinesca, a flourishing community of around 15,000 Chinese expats and immigrants thrives. Bearing the mark of its diverse population, La Chinesca boasts a sizable collection of Chinese restaurants, offering a gastronomic portal to China amidst the Mexican landscape.

The nightlife is lively and exciting with a variety of bars and clubs and most of the bars stay open to the wee hours of the morning serving drinks and food. Lined with family-friendly hotels and guesthouses, the city offers a wonderful array of entertainment and cultural venues and has several theatres, water parks, and museums.

Situated to the south of Mexicali, in the Gulf of California, the picturesque San Felipe reveals itself. It is graced with breathtakingly scenic beaches, hosting a variety of water sports for the adventurous at heart. Additionally, the town serves up delicious fresh seafood, adding a gastronomic delight to the visual spectacle.

Embedded in the desert landscape, the awe-inspiring Guadalupe Canyon emerges as an oasis. Flanked by lush palm trees, this enclave features natural pools and waterfalls, carving out a serene sanctuary amidst the otherwise barren surroundings.

Weather and Climate in Mexicali

Mexicali experiences a dry climate due to its minimal rainfall, receiving an average annual precipitation as slight as 79 mm. With an average annual temperature of 22.5°C, the climate is generally warm, to hot. The most comfortable periods for a visit fall between early April to mid-June, and from September to November when temperatures are most agreeable.

Summer and winter are the prominent seasons in Mexicali.

• Summer: April to October. Summer is hot and dry. July is the warmest month of the year, with an average temperature of 33°C. The temperature during the afternoon can reach 40°C. It barely rains during the summer. May is the driest month with zero precipitation.
• Winter: November to March. December, January, and February are cool yet dry. The month of January receives the maximum amount of rain and it is the coldest month of the year. At times, the temperature may even drop to 12.5°C during the winter months.

Getting around in Mexicali

General Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada International Airport is conveniently located just 20 km outside of Mexicali city. Numerous private and commercial flights operate from this hub, connecting Mexicali to a variety of cities across Mexico and the USA.

The city's main bus station is located a mere 4 km from downtown Mexicali, easily accessible by taxi or public bus from the city center. Once at the station, a network of direct coaches links Mexicali to other major Mexican cities. For visitors arriving from the United States, entry to Mexicali can be accomplished through Calexico, its twin city, along Highway 111. Do note that most of these highways are toll roads.

However, the local bus is the cheapest means of transportation. Some of the metro buses are air-conditioned with TV screens. Taxis are easy to find and are reasonably priced.

Tourist Visa in Mexicali

Visa exemptions for Mexico - Citizens of 67 countries, including Europe, Canada, Australia, and the USA, are exempt from obtaining a visa to visit Mexico for up to 180 days.

Visa requirements for citizens of India, China, Russia, and other countries - Citizens of India, China, Russia, and a few other countries need to obtain a tourist visa in advance before entering Mexico. The visa is valid for six months and a single entry, and an extension may be possible. You must enter Mexico within 90 days of the issue of the visa.

Tourist visa fee - The tourist visa fee for citizens of India is $22 USD.

To be eligible for a Mexican tourist visa, you must meet the following criteria:

• You must have a valid passport with at least six months of validity remaining beyond your planned date of departure from Mexico.
• You must have sufficient funds to support your stay in Mexico.
• You must have a return ticket or proof of onward travel.
• You must not have any criminal record.

Additional Information

1. The Mexican currency is the Mexican peso (MXN). The Mexican peso is pegged to the US dollar, and the exchange rate fluctuates slightly on a daily basis. As of today, October 11, 2023, one US dollar is equivalent to approximately 19.6 Mexican pesos.
2. Most people in Mexicali speak Spanish, followed by a few indigenous languages. The majority of the locals understand and speak good English.
3. There are ATMs all over Mexicali, but none of them dispense US dollars. You will need to exchange your US dollars for Mexican pesos at a bank or money exchange bureau. Most major credit cards are accepted in restaurants and resorts in Mexicali.
4. Approximately 77% of the population of Mexicali is Roman Catholic. Other religions practiced in Mexicali include Protestantism, Judaism, and Islam.
5. New Year's Eve, Constitution day (February 4), Birthday of Benito Ju (March 18), Good Friday, Independence Day (September 16), Revolution Day (November 18), Christmas day are some of the public holidays in the city.